Unit 8 physiology of human body systems assignment 2
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Unit 8 physiology of human body systems
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
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,The skeletal system is made up of a vertebral column that is also known as the backbone
this helps to carry the skull the upper part of the vertebra column has twelve pairs of ribs
that are attached to it and the limbs are attached to it as well. The pelvic girdle is connected
firmly to the lower part of the vertebral column the shoulder griddle has a pair of shoulder
blades and collarbones which are not kept securely in place to the vertebral column
however is being held securely by the muscles the upper arm which is called the humerus
inserts into a socket in your shoulder blade the same as the thigh bone femur goes into a
socket in the hip gridle (Teach me anatomy Author unknown,2021)
Smooth muscles fibres which are located in the walls of hollow and visceral organs except
the heart they appear spindle-shaped and are often under involuntary control it is also used
by lots of different systems to apply pressure to organs and vessels. It is composed of
strands or sheets of smooth muscle cells which have fibres of myosin and actin that run
through the cell and are supported by other proteins as well.(Editors B ,smooth muscle
2021)
Also each skeletal muscle fibre is a single cylindrical muscle cell however an individual
muscle may be made up of hundreds if not thousands of muscle fibres which are bundled
together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering each of the muscles are surrounded
by a connective tissue sheath called epimysium.(Structure of Skeletal Muscle | SEER
Training, Author unknown,2021)
Slow twitch fibres are used to power muscles first where as fast twitch fibres are usually
used when the body needs to make sudden or powerful movements they also differ In
appearance because the bigger blood supply in slow twitch muscle fibres make them look
darker or redder where as fast twitch fibres look lighter this is because they have less blood.
(Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibres vs Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibres, Author unknown, 2021)
Flat bones are bones that protect internal organs for example sternum and scapulae flat
bones are flattened and provide protection also can give large areas of attachment for
muscles.(Author Visible Body, types of bones 2021)
Long bones which support facilitate movement and support wight they are mostly located in
the appendicular skeleton and also include bones in the lower limbs for example femur
which is the longest bone in the body as well as small bones in the fingers such as
phalanges.(Author Visible Body, types of bones 2021)
, Short bones are cube shaped and are as wide as long they are in the ankle joints and wrists
they provide some movement and stability for example the carpals in the wrist such as
lunate, scaphoid and tarsals in the ankle such as calcaneus, lateral cuneiform are some
examples of short bones. (Author Visible Body, types of bones 2021)
Irregular bones which vary in structure and shape and this means they do not fit into any
other category they usually have a decent complex shape that helps to protect internal
organs such as the vertebrae moreover irregular bones of the vertebral column help to
protect the spinal cord. (Author Visible Body, types of bones 2021)
Sesamoid bones are bones that are embedded in the tendons and reinforce them small
bones like these are usually found in the tendons of the feet, knees and hands they also
protect tendons from wear and stress an example of a sesamoid bone is patella. (Author
Visible Body, types of bones 2021)
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