Unit 23 forensic evidence collection and analysis Assignment 1
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Unit 23 Forensic evidence collection and analysis
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
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Chemical techniques fingerprint and fingerprint enhancement
Fingerprints involve many techniques for example they can be powdered to make them
more visible at a crime scene normally a black or aluminium powder is usually used but this
depends upon the background of the material. Additionally after the powder has adhered to
the latent fingerprint crime scene lifting tape will then be used to move off the diminished
print this will then be used to clear the acetate sheet which will be labelled and then sent off
for analysis moreover fingerprints are also known as biological characteristics which are
distinctive for each and every individual the techniques used for fingerprinting is fingerprint
minutiae which can compare and identify fingerprints such as the ridge ending and
bifurcation. (forensic book)
Fingerprint minutiae works by selecting any two minutiae to serve as a reference pair, then
match their related ridge first. If the ridges match well, the two fingerprint images are
aligned, and the remaining details are matched. Moreover, fingerprint minutiae also help a
lot when solving a crime as it reduces the complex issue of the fingerprint recognition in
relation to an issue of the point pattern matching. (Bayometric.com Minutiae Based
Extraction in Fingerprint Recognition, 2022)
Additionally, fingerprint minutiae are a very good forensic tool as it has proved to be useful
for human identification linking an individual to a location or item and also reconstructing
crime scenes. Moreover, fingerprint minutiae cannot be used in any other types of evidence
unless it involves fingerprints. (researchgate.net fingerprint minutiae Author unknown,
2022)
With chemical fingerprint enhancement its different because the surface of the fingerprint
skin is covered by ridges in order to create fingerprint patters and above those fingerprint
ridges are small openings in the skin from which the sweat produced inside of the sweat
glands are unexposed into the ridge surfaces. Moreover, with chemical fingerprint
enhancements there are many techniques used such as chemical reagents mixed with
different pieces in sweat resulting in a colour change. (researchgate.net fingerprint
minutiae Author unknown, 2022)
The enhanced fingerprint technique is carried out by adding ninhydrin to enhance
fingerprints on surfaces such as cardboard and paper the surface will first be washed then
dried before being put into the 70°C humid over a period of 15 minutes. Moreover, chemical
fingerprint enhancement is also very good for using in solving a crime because if it enhances
fingerprints it will mean the marks will be much clearer to see and make out identifying the
persons presence or if they have had any contact with a weapon which was involved. The
chemical fingerprint enhancement is a really good forensic tool because it does a lot in
terms of finding fingerprints and finding suspects as well as weapons linked to the suspect.
(Bayometric.com Minutiae Based Extraction in Fingerprint Recognition, 2022)
Additionally, the chemical fingerprint enhancement technique can be used in many
situations to gather different types of evidence as long as its fingerprint related moreover it
can help to boost forensic investigations in the scientific industry because of how quick it
, can identify objects as well as victims or suspects involved in the crime scenes.
(Bayometric.com Minutiae Based Extraction in Fingerprint Recognition, 2022)
Physical techniques handwriting analysis and lipstick analysis
(chromatography)
Handwriting analysis is a process in which the known handwriting of a suspected writer and
the questioned document's qualities, as well as specific habits and individualities of the two
known specimens and questioned document, are all compared and all examined for
differences as well as similarities. (robsonforensic.com Forensic Handwriting Analysis -
Expert Introduction to Handwriting Analysis | Robson Forensic Author unknown, 2022)
Additionally, Handwriting analysis is also carried out in such a way that it can evaluate,
compare, and analyse handwriting characteristics in order to ascertain whether or not the
handwriting was made by a known writer. (robsonforensic.com Forensic Handwriting
Analysis - Expert Introduction to Handwriting Analysis | Robson Forensic Author
unknown, 2022)
Moreover, handwriting analysis also helps in solving crimes because documents are
examined by QDEs in which they look out for alterations and forgeries and will make
comparisons if an original sample of the handwriting is accessible. Additionally, handwriting
analysis is a very good forensics tool as well because they will help in identifying the identity
of a person just by written documents which makes it really useful this type of technique
can only be used in forensics because it is where its needed most of the time handwriting
analysis can also be used in other parts of the science industry for example identifying
threatening letters and analysing indented writings. (howstuffworks.com, Science, Science
and Science Author unknown, 2022)
Lipstick analysis which can be used to prove physical contact between the two individuals
for example a suspect and victim or as to place an individual at a crime scene furthermore
lipstick analysis is carried out in forensics by using a technique also known as Raman
spectroscopy that detects laser light this will help forensic investigators identify any lipstick
marks left at a crime scene for example on glasses or tissue but without compromising the
continuity of the evidence because the sample will remain isolated. (eurekalert.org Author
unknown, 2022)
Lipstick analysis is used to help solve crimes because as previously mentioned it can help to
create a physical link between individuals like the suspect and victim or place a person at a
crime scene. Although DNA analysis is the most reliable forensic identification technique
lipstick analysis is not that far off in terms of helping to solve crime and identifying
individuals at the crime scene. (howstuffworks.com, Science, Science and Science Author
unknown, 2022)
Since lipstick analysis is a physical technique it has to be used in cases such as burglary,
murder, and theft not any other types of evidences with lipstick analysis its quite hard to
find other ways of using it because it has to be used on certain cases not on whatever
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