Unit 14 Applications of organic chemistry Assignment 3
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Unit 14 - Applications of Organic Chemistry
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
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P4 Task 1 Explain the different types of structural isomerism and
stereoisomerism
Structural isomers are isomers that are set out in a different order but with the same
molecular formulas there are different types such as chain, positional, and functional group
isomerism.(chemguide.co.uk structural isomerism Author unknown, 2022)
Chain isomerism make an appearance because of the likelihood of branching in the carbon
chains below is an example of chain isomerism.(chemguide.co.uk structural isomerism
Author unknown, 2022)
Positional isomerism is where the basic carbon skeleton remains untouched but vital groups
are moving around the skeleton.(chemguide.co.uk structural isomerism Author unknown,
2022)
, Functional group isomerism is where isomers hold different functional groups and they
belong to non-identical groups of compounds such as different homologous series.
(chemguide.com structural isomerism Author unknown, 2022)
Functional group isomerism diagram.(chemguide.com
structural isomerism Author unknown, 2022)
All structural isomers have the same molecular formula however their bonding arrangement
is different to other atoms for example stereoisomers they have both the same formula and
bonding arrangements of atoms so overall the only difference they have is in the spatial
orientation of the groups in the molecule.(cliffnotes.com structural Isomers and
Stereoisomers Author unknown, 2022)
In addition to this isomers have non-identical physical and chemical properties but their
molecular formulas are all the same an example of this is C4H10 which shows both 2-
methylpropane as well as butane these are identified as constitutional and structural
isomers.(cliffnotes.com structural Isomers and Stereoisomers Author unknown, 2022)
Stereoisomerism is any isomer that has the same composition such as the same parts but
vary in the orientation of these parts stereoisomers are broken down into two kinds
diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that don’t relate as a
mirror image or object and have different boiling and melting points as well as non-identical
densities.(chemlibretexts.org what is stereoisomerism diastereomers and enantiomers
Author unknown, 2022)
On the other hand enantiomers are a group of compounds with identical connectivity but
have opposite three dimensional shapes they are also mirror images of each other and are
non-superimposable.(chemlibretexts.org what is stereoisomerism diastereomers and
enantiomers Author unknown, 2022)
Types of isomers that exist are geometric and optical with geometric isomers they tend to
arise only when there is a restricted rotation someplace in the molecule an example of this
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