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Pathofysiologie (college) samenvatting: immunologie, auto-immuunziekten, infectieziekten, pathogene micro-organismen, dermatologie, huidaandoeningen $6.12
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Pathofysiologie (college) samenvatting: immunologie, auto-immuunziekten, infectieziekten, pathogene micro-organismen, dermatologie, huidaandoeningen

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Samenvatting (college's) pathofysiologie. Zie inhoudsopgave voor onderwerpen (uitgebreider). In deze samenvatting (paar onderwerpen): - Immunologie. - Immuunsysteem. - Fagocytose. - Auto-immuun en infectieziekten. - Micro-organismen. - Dermatologie. - Huidafwijkingen. Deze samenvattin...

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  • November 8, 2022
  • 39
  • 2022/2023
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Pathofysiologie




Leerjaar: 2022/2023
Hogeschool: Fontys Hogeschool
Vak: Pathofysiologie
Opleiding: Podotherapie (ook te gebruiken bij bijvoorbeeld: (medische) pedicure,
schoonheidsspecialiste, fysiotherapie, verpleegkundige of andere opleidingen.

,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding tot immunologie .............................................................................. 4
Functie afweersysteem (immuunsysteem) .............................................................................................................. 4

Immuniteit of afweer............................................................................................................................................... 4

Aspecifieke immuniteit of afweer ............................................................................................................................ 4

Afweerlinies ............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Fagocytose .............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Wat zijn APC’s ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Macrofagen ............................................................................................................................................................. 7

Ontstekingsreactie .................................................................................................................................................. 7

Samenwerking bloed en lymfestelsel ...................................................................................................................... 9

Specifieke afweer .................................................................................................................................................... 9

Humorale immuniteit .............................................................................................................................................. 9

Cellulaire immuniteit ............................................................................................................................................. 10

Hoofdstuk 2: inleiding tot auto-immuun en infectieziekten ............................................... 11
Auto-immuunziektes ............................................................................................................................................. 11

Infectieziekten – inleiding ...................................................................................................................................... 11

Overdracht infectieziekten .................................................................................................................................... 12

Hoofdstuk 3: pathogene – micro-organismen à inleiding dermatologie ........................... 15
Bacterien ............................................................................................................................................................... 15

Virussen ................................................................................................................................................................. 16

Protozoën .............................................................................................................................................................. 16

Schimmels ............................................................................................................................................................. 16

Parasitaire wormen (helminthen) ......................................................................................................................... 16

Hoofdstuk 4: huidafwijkingen ........................................................................................... 17
Benigne en maligne ............................................................................................................................................... 17

Verrucae of wrat: kenmerken ................................................................................................................................ 18

Clavus of likdoorn: kenmerken .............................................................................................................................. 20

Naevus ................................................................................................................................................................... 21

Ganglion ................................................................................................................................................................ 22

Oedeem ................................................................................................................................................................. 22

Bloeddruk .............................................................................................................................................................. 23

Extracellulair vocht ................................................................................................................................................ 23

,Spierpompfunctie .................................................................................................................................................. 24

Oedeem = extracellulair vocht ............................................................................................................................... 24

Varices ................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Hartfalen ............................................................................................................................................................... 25

Decompensatio cordis ........................................................................................................................................... 25

Lymfoedeem .......................................................................................................................................................... 26

Lipoedeem ............................................................................................................................................................. 27

Myxoedeem ........................................................................................................................................................... 27

Hoofdstuk 5: overzicht belangrijke ziektebeelden ............................................................. 28
Psoriasis................................................................................................................................................................. 28

Morbus Andrews Barber ....................................................................................................................................... 30

Constitutioneel eczeem ......................................................................................................................................... 31

Roodheid of erytheem ........................................................................................................................................... 32

SLE = systemische lupus erythematodes ............................................................................................................... 34

Erysipelas............................................................................................................................................................... 35

Vasculaire (huid)aandoeningen............................................................................................................................. 36

Perniones = wintertenen ....................................................................................................................................... 36

Fenomeen van Raynaud ........................................................................................................................................ 37

Dermatofibroom.................................................................................................................................................... 38

Neurofibroom ........................................................................................................................................................ 38

Sclerodermie .......................................................................................................................................................... 39

, Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding tot immunologie

Functie afweersysteem (immuunsysteem)
Het afweersysteem maakt onderscheid tussen lichaamseigen en lichaamsvreemd. Het is continu aan
het werk. Dit merk je pas wanneer er een infectie ontstaat. Dan krijg je klachten zoals koorts,
hoofdpijn of roodheid bij een ontstoken wond. Om deze klachten tegen te gaan moet het
immuunsysteem ons beschermen tegen lichaamsvreemde stoffen waaronder:
- Bacteriën.
- Virussen.
- Schimmels.
- Parasieten.
Hier worden we doorgaans niet ziek van.
Geen reactie op lichaamseigen cellen: identificatie-cellen op oppervlak. (MHC-moleculen)
presenteren eiwitten (in de cel gemaakt) op het celoppervlak. Wel reactie op vreemde
stoffen/cellen/eiwitten: antigeen. Antigenen leiden tot een activering van het afweersysteem.


Immuniteit of afweer
Niet-specifiek: Specifiek:
- Bij geboorte aanwezig. - Ontwikkelt zich na geboorte.
- Niet veranderlijk. - Heeft aanpassingsvermogen.
- Directe reactie. - Reactie pas na 7-10 dagen.
- Minst doeltreffend. - Zeer doeltreffend.
- Geen geheugenfunctie. - Wel geheugenfunctie: humoraal/cellulair.


Aspecifieke immuniteit of afweer
- Houdt ziekteverwekkers buiten het lichaam.
- Maakt geen onderscheid tussen de soorten indringers.
- Is op te delen in:
Eerstelijnsafweer Tweedelijnsafweer Derdelijnsafweer
De buitenkant van het lichaam (intacte Verschillende typen Gerichte afweer.
huid – slijmvliezen – traanvocht – urine). leukocyten.

Afweermechanismen

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