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Samenvatting Gerechtelijk recht
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Samenvatting Gerechtelijk recht Gebaseerd op lesnotities aangevuld met handboek Opgedeeld in drie delen: 1) Algemene beginselen 2) Bevoegdheid 3) Rechtspleging
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Samenvatting/lesnotitiesGerechtelijk Recht
Academiejaar 2020-2021
,Hoofdstuk I. Wezen en functie van het gerechtelijk recht..................................................12
Afdeling 1. Begripsomschrijving...................................................................................................12
Afdeling 2. Bronnen.....................................................................................................................12
§1 Grondwet...................................................................................................................................................12
§2 Verdragsrecht en recht van de Europese Unie..........................................................................................13
§3 Gerechtelijk Wetboek................................................................................................................................14
§4 Bijzondere wetteksten...............................................................................................................................17
§5 Rechtspraak................................................................................................................................................17
§6 Rechtsleer..................................................................................................................................................18
Afdeling 3. Karaktertrekken van het gerechtelijk recht................................................................18
§1 Nationaal recht..........................................................................................................................................18
§2 Gemengd karakter.....................................................................................................................................19
§3 Dynamisch karakter...................................................................................................................................19
§4 Formalistisch karakter................................................................................................................................19
§5 Dwingend karakter.....................................................................................................................................19
§6 Dienende functie........................................................................................................................................20
§7 Autonoom recht.........................................................................................................................................21
Afdeling 4. Basisbeginselen van het gerechtelijk recht.................................................................21
§1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................................21
Wat is het gerechtelijk recht?.....................................................................................................................21
Wat is het belang van het gerechtelijk recht?............................................................................................22
§2 Het recht op een eerlijk proces is een fundamenteel recht......................................................................22
§3 Recht op een eerlijk proces........................................................................................................................23
1. Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................23
2. Toepassingsgebied..................................................................................................................................23
3. Structurele aspecten...............................................................................................................................25
1. Het recht op een rechtbank met volle rechtsmacht en op nakoming van rechterlijke beslissingen 25
1.1 Recht op een rechterlijke instantie..............................................................................................25
1.2 Recht op een rechter met volle rechtsmacht..............................................................................25
1.3 Recht op nakoming van rechterlijke beslissingen........................................................................26
2. Recht op toegang tot een rechter......................................................................................................26
3. Onafhankelijkheid en onpartijdigheid................................................................................................27
4. Recht op een openbaar proces binnen een redelijke termijn................................................................29
Recht op openbaarheid van het proces.................................................................................................29
1.1 Openbaarheid van de debatten...................................................................................................29
1.2 Openbaarheid van de uitspraak...................................................................................................30
2. Recht op afdoening van het proces binnen een redelijke termijn.....................................................30
5. Recht op een eerlijk proces: eerlijke behandeling en gelijke behandeling............................................31
1. Recht om te worden gehoord............................................................................................................31
2. Debat op tegenspraak........................................................................................................................32
3. Bewijsregeling.....................................................................................................................................32
4. Toegang tot de stukken, advies of conclusie van een magistraat......................................................33
5. Motivering..........................................................................................................................................33
, Afdeling 5. Toepassingsgebied.....................................................................................................33
§1 Ratione temporis........................................................................................................................................33
§2 Ratione loci.................................................................................................................................................36
§3 Ratione personae.......................................................................................................................................36
§4 Ratione materiae.......................................................................................................................................36
Hoofdstuk II. Basisbegrippen.............................................................................................37
Afdeling 1. Rechtsvordering.........................................................................................................37
§1 Begrip.........................................................................................................................................................37
§2 Kenmerken.................................................................................................................................................37
§3 Aanverwante begrippen............................................................................................................................38
§4 Toelaatbaarheidsvereisten/ontvankelijkheidsvereisten...........................................................................38
§5 Algemene toelaatbaarheidsvereisten........................................................................................................39
A. Partijbekwaamheid.................................................................................................................................39
B. Belgische nationaliteit (minder van belang want beperkt toepassingsgebied).....................................41
C. Procesbekwaamheid...............................................................................................................................41
D. Hoedanigheid.........................................................................................................................................41
E. Belang.....................................................................................................................................................43
1. Actueel................................................................................................................................................43
2. Rechtstreeks en persoonlijk?.............................................................................................................44
3. Rechtmatig..........................................................................................................................................47
4. Beschermingswaardig.........................................................................................................................47
Afdeling 2. Eis en verweer............................................................................................................47
§1 Eis...............................................................................................................................................................47
A. Begrip......................................................................................................................................................47
B. Soorten...................................................................................................................................................47
C. Bestanddelen..........................................................................................................................................48
D. Gevolgen.................................................................................................................................................48
§2 Verweer......................................................................................................................................................49
A. Begrip......................................................................................................................................................49
B. Verweer ten gronde...............................................................................................................................49
C. Verweer bij wijze van exceptie...............................................................................................................49
D. Verweer bij wijze van tegeneis...............................................................................................................50
Afdeling 3. Het geschil.................................................................................................................51
§1 Begrip.........................................................................................................................................................51
§2 Aard............................................................................................................................................................51
§3 Soorten.......................................................................................................................................................51
§4 Beëindiging van het geschil........................................................................................................................51
Geschillen-beslechtingsovereenkomst.......................................................................................................51
A. Buitengerechtelijke geschiloplossing zonder geding.............................................................................52
B. Buitengerechtelijke geschilbeslechting met geding...............................................................................52
C. Gerechtelijke geschiloplossing zonder geding.......................................................................................53
D. Gerechtelijke geschilbeslechting met geding.........................................................................................54
Afdeling 4. Het geding..................................................................................................................54
, §1 Definitie......................................................................................................................................................54
§2 Begrippen...................................................................................................................................................54
A. Procespartij.............................................................................................................................................54
B. Procesverhouding..................................................................................................................................54
C. Proceshandeling.....................................................................................................................................55
§3 Basisbeginselen..........................................................................................................................................55
§4 Basiskenmerken.........................................................................................................................................55
§5 Soorten gedingen.......................................................................................................................................56
§6 Processuele sancties..................................................................................................................................56
A. Wat zijn vormvereisten..........................................................................................................................56
B. Voorbeelden...........................................................................................................................................56
C. Werking...................................................................................................................................................56
D. Nietigheden............................................................................................................................................57
1. Geen nietigheid zonder wettekst.......................................................................................................57
2. Geen nietigheid na dekking................................................................................................................58
3. Nietigheid met wettekst enkel na belangenschade...........................................................................58
4. Geen nietigheid indien regularisatie mogelijk is................................................................................58
§7 Termijnen...................................................................................................................................................59
A. Soorten termijnen algemeen.................................................................................................................59
B. Soorten procestermijnen........................................................................................................................59
C. Berekening..............................................................................................................................................59
D. Sancties...................................................................................................................................................61
1. Op straffe van nietigheid: vnl. wachttermijnen..................................................................................61
2. Op straffe van verval: vnl. vervaltermijnen........................................................................................61
3. Zonder specifieke sanctie...................................................................................................................62
Afdeling 5. Rechtsprekende handeling.........................................................................................62
§1 Begrip.........................................................................................................................................................62
§2 Kenmerken.................................................................................................................................................62
§3 Terminologie..............................................................................................................................................62
§4 Taak van de rechter...................................................................................................................................63
§5 Gevolgen van het vonnis............................................................................................................................64
A. Uitputting van rechtsmacht....................................................................................................................64
B. Gezag van gewijsde................................................................................................................................64
C. Uitvoerbaarheid......................................................................................................................................65
D. Bewijskracht en bewijswaarde...............................................................................................................65
E. Tegenwerpelijkheid................................................................................................................................65
Hoofdstuk III. Rechterlijke organisatie..............................................................................66
Afdeling 1. Staatsmacht...............................................................................................................66
Afdeling 2. Hoge Raad voor de Justitie e.a...................................................................................66
A. Hoge Raad voor de Justitie.........................................................................................................................66
B. Adviesraad magistratuur............................................................................................................................67
C. College van Hoven en rechtbanken en College van het Openbaar Ministerie...........................................67
D. Instituut voor de gerechtelijke opleiding...................................................................................................69
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