Details of Chapter 06-17 Introduction of nursing covering all concepts updated
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NRSG 5117 (NRSG5117)
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Northeastern University
Chapter 06: Historical Perspectives: Influences on the Present
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement indicates the nurse understands the Latin origin of “nurse?”
a. “The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is carena, meaning ‘caring.’”
b. “The Latin word for ‘nurse’ i...
details of chapter 06 17 introduction of nursing covering all concepts updated
which statement indicates the nurse understands the latin origin of “nurse”
the nursing student has an adequate grasp of
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Chapter 06: Historical Perspectives: Influences on the Present
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement indicates the nurse understands the Latin origin of “nurse?”
a. “The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is carena, meaning ‘caring.’”
b. “The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is nimphe, meaning ‘nurture.’”
c. “The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is succurus, meaning ‘relief.’”
d. “The Latin word for ‘nurse’ is nutricius, meaning ‘nourishing.’”
ANS: D
The word “nurse” is derived from the Latin word nutricius, meaning nourishing. It was said in
Roman mythology that the goddess Fortuna, who was considered the goddess of an individual’s
fate, was Jupiter’s nurse. Carena is the Latin word for “caring,” nimphe means to “nurture,” and
succurus means “relief.”
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 127
OBJ: Explain the forces that affect the role of American nurses.
TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
2. The nursing student has an adequate grasp of nursing history when stating that
after the fall of the Roman Empire, the knowledge of health practice was primarily preserved by
a. English monks in cloistered buildings.
b. Jewish physicians who could translate into Latin.
c. Roman priests who practiced medicine.
d. Fortuna, who practiced midwifery.
ANS: B
Any medical and health care knowledge that survived the dark period of history was preserved
primarily by the Jewish physicians who translated the Greek and Roman works. English monks,
Roman priests, and Fortuna did not assist in the preservation of health practice knowledge after
the fall of the Roman Empire.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 127
OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history
MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
3. Which of the following is true of early Christian deaconesses and how they
became responsible for caring for poor and ill people?
a. The deacons relinquished this work to women (specifically, widows and virgins).
b. The early church valued women.
c. No one else would care for poor and ill people.
d. The deaconesses had formal training to do the work.
ANS: A
Originally, the deacons of the early Christian church cared for poor and the ill people, but they
turned these duties over to widows and virgins, who were considered to be pure of heart. The
early church did not value women. Formal training did not occur until much later in history.
,PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 128
OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history
MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
4. What was the description of a nurse in the medieval times during the Holy Wars?
a. A woman who had been specially trained by a magician
b. A man who was committed to following his Lord into battle
c. A man who had training to care for a wounded knight
d. A woman who had studied with an older nurse
ANS: C
During the Holy Wars, men were trained in the healing arts to care for knights during battle.
These male nurses wore a red cross on their clothes for identification. During this time, women
were not trained as nurses.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 128
OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history
MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
5. What was the most important contribution to nursing made during medieval
times?
a. The Red Cross recognized the worth of nurses in caring for the poor.
b. A formal school was established to train nurses within the convents.
c. The hospital of St. John was established to train nurses and physicians.
d. Society placed an increased status on caring for the ill.
ANS: D
During medieval times, the altruistic ideal of providing care out of humility and love was
established as the foundation of nursing. The most important contribution to nursing during
medieval times was the increased status placed on caring for the ill. Nursing gained status.
Convents were housing places for the deaconesses, widows, and virgins to provide physical
protective shelters. The hospital of St. John was built in Jerusalem to care for Christian
crusaders. The Red Cross did not come into existence until the 1880s and was founded by Clara
Barton.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 129
OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history
MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
6. Which statement by the nurse shows understanding of Florence Nightingale’s
status as a legend in nursing?
a. “Her work in improving the Institution for the Care of Sick Gentlewomen in
Distressed Circumstances”
b. The evaluations and recommendations she made to improve conditions in the
hospitals in England”
c. “Her ability to implement actions that significantly decreased mortality rates in the
Crimean War”
d. “Her work as an administrator for a women’s hospital and reporting conditions to
, the government”
ANS: C
Nightingale’s contribution to the development of hospital reform and her nursing actions that
significantly lowered battlefield mortality rates during the Crimean War established her as a
legend in nursing. She worked as an administrator for the Institution for the Care of Sick
Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances before the Crimean War, which provided her the
experience to take to the battlefield.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: pp. 130-134
OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing history
MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
7. Which statement by a nursing professor is true regarding Florence Nightingale’s
contribution to American nursing?
a. “Her primary influence was organizing hospital administration and nursing.”
b. “Her primary influence was providing a model for giving care during wartime.”
c. “Her primary influence was organizing patient care in hospital settings.”
d. “Her primary influence was developing an educational model for training nurses.”
ANS: D
Although she was influential in many aspects of hospital administration, ministering to the sick,
and early research methods to improve patient care, Nightingale’s great success prompted her to
begin developing schools of nursing in both Europe and the United States based on her
knowledge of what constituted effective nursing. The goals of her programs included training
hospital nurses, training nurses to train others, and training nurses to work in the district with the
sick poor. Her primary influence was not organizing hospital administration and nursing,
providing care models, or organizing patient care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 130-134
OBJ: Explain the forces that affect the role of American nurses.
TOP: Nursing history MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
8. A group of nursing students is discussing the traits of Victorian wives that crossed
over to nurses. Which traits would they conclude had an early effect on the nursing profession?
a. Submission, harmony, and hard work
b. Power, peace, and position
c. Paternalism, compliance, and dullness
d. Organized, noble, and good
ANS: A
, The Victorian wife was expected to “be good.” She was esteemed by her husband but had limited
power within the confines of the home and society. She was expected to be hard working and
able to maintain harmony while at the same time being submissive to the demands of her
husband. Generally, this fostered dependence on the dominant male figure—the Victorian
husband. Nurses generally were women who wanted to avoid the drudgery of a Victorian
marriage. They were required to be single to make a complete commitment to their vocation.
Schooled in submission, women were expected to be equally accommodating within the hospital
organization. A good nurse worked for harmony within the hospital. She was expected to be hard
working and submissive. The doctor and the hospital administrator were frequently the same
person, usually a man who expected position and power to go hand in hand.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Synthesis REF: p. 135
OBJ: Explain the early European contributions to nursing. TOP: Nursing definition
MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
9. Nurses made many contributions to the care of Civil War soldiers. A nurse who
understood this, would state which of the following?
a. “Nurses established a safe haven for soldiers from the battlefield.”
b. “Nurses provided a clean environment with food and water.”
c. “Nurses began medication administration on the battlefield.”
d. “Nurses organized the men to care for other injured soldiers.”
ANS: B
During the Civil War, nurses began to see the benefit of prevention, nutrition, and clean
environments for the injured soldiers. Nurses who had some formal training were recognized as
being major contributors to the relative success of hospital treatments. It was in this era that the
value of primary prevention, or the prevention of the occurrence of disease by measures such as
immunization and the provision of a pure water supply, became understood. Volunteer nurses,
mostly women, served in hospitals caring for those wounded soldiers fortunate enough to have
survived the trip from the battlefield. Their patients were nursed in a clean environment and were
provided with adequate nutrition. Although the other options were important to patients’ well-
being, the nurses noticed that patients greatly improved with cleanliness, nutrition, and a clean
water supply.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 134
OBJ: Explain the forces that affect the role of American nurses.
TOP: Nursing definition MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable
10. The student nurse interprets teaching as a critical role for nurses because
a. health care is a complex system that requires patient education.
b. not everyone has access to information about health care.
c. the less fortunate have greater difficulty understanding treatment choices.
d. understanding choices allows the patient to make informed decisions.
ANS: D
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