College aantekeningen
Characteristics & Classification of living organisms biology IGCSE
- Vak
- Instelling
- Boek
detailed notes of biology IGCSE topic 1: characteristics and Classification of Living Organisms
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 5 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 5 pagina's
In winkelwagen
In winkelwagen
Gekoppeld boek
Titel boek:
Auteur(s):
- Uitgave:
- ISBN:
- Druk:
Verkoper
Volgen
mary5
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
Cambridge IGCSE/GCSE : Biology 0610Topic 1: Characteristics and Classification of Living organisms.
Properties of Living Organisms
All living organisms share a certain number of properties, which can be simplified
into the words “MRS GREN” as follows:
● Movement: The ability to change positions from one place to another.
● Respiration: A chemical reaction that occurs in the cells, by breaking down
nutrient molecules to release energy.
○ note: energy is released, and NEVER produced.
● Sensitivity: The ability to detect and respond to stimuli.
○ Stimuli: changes in the environment.
● Growth: A permanent increase in dry mass.
○ DRY mass like bone mass, muscle mass or fat mass, however drinking
water and adding it to the body’s mass is not growth as it is not
permanent.
● Reproduction: The ability to reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
○ In order to produce fertile offspring, the two mates should be of the
same species.
● Excretion: The organism getting rid of metabolic wastes, substances in
excess of requirements, and toxins.
○ For example: exhaling carbon dioxide, urination excess water and
salts, or the organism getting rid of toxins (ex: the liver in animals
filters out toxins)
● Nutrition: Obtaining nutrient molecules.
Classification of Living Organisms
Living organisms can be classified according to their:
Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species
● Species: a group of living organisms that have the same external
features, and can breed together to produce fertile offspring.
● Genus: a group of living organisms that have the same external
features.
The Binomial System is an internationally agreed system of naming living
organisms according to their Genus (initial letter is uppercase, word is in italic)
and species (first letter is lowercase, word is in italic) , and both of them
should be latin names.
ex: Homo sapiens (humans)
, Reflecting Evolutionary Relationships
According to classification, it means that when organisms share many
features, they are said to be closely related.
Using DNA to classify Living organisms
● Because comparing the physical features to find out if organisms are
closely related or not is inaccurate, scientists have decided to compare
the organisms’ DNA sequences to find out their relativity to each other.
● They identify the species from the DNA by comparing the base
sequences, which means that the more similar the base sequences
are, the more likely the organisms are to be related. (accurate method)
The Kingdoms of Living Organisms
Animal Kingdom
- They are multicellular organisms (consist of more than one cell)
- They are heterotrophs; which means they cannot make their own food,
and have to rely on other organisms to obtain their energy from
nutrients.
- Their cells don’t contain a Cell wall, Large Permanent Vacuoles (they
still have tiny temporary vacuoles though)
- Their Classes include: Mammals, Amphibians, Fish, Reptiles, and
Birds.
Kingdom Prokaryotes
Commonly known as bacteria, prokaryotes contain no nucleus (as their
name suggests, Pro: before, karyota: nucleus), unlike eukaryotes.
- They are Unicellular Organisms.
- They have a cell wall made of Murein/peptidoglycan
- Have smaller Ribosomes than other living organisms (ribosomes:
for protein synthesis)
- Some have flagella: for mobility/movement
- They reproduce Asexually, during a process known as ‘Simple
Binary Fission’
- Have an outer ‘capsule’ for resistance against antibiotics.
Virus(not in a kingdom)
Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:
Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews
Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!
In een paar klikken geregeld
Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.
Focus op de essentie
Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper mary5. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor $8.39. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 71250 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen
Laatst bekeken door jou
Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·
NBME PHYSIOLOGY UPDATED EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 2023/2024
Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·
Cellular and Molecular Immunology 9th Edition Abbas Test Bank
Samenvatting ·
Uitgebreide Communicatie & Gedrag samenvatting met oefenopdrachten
Voordeelbundel ·
ALLES voor het tentamen van Team Processes in Organizations
Samenvatting ·
Samenvatting Ontwikkelings en Leerproblemen, Educating Special Children
Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·
Fshd Phil 347 Quiz 9 Questions And Answers Latest Update 2024
Tentamen (uitwerkingen) ·
PS 202 Final exam NCSU Questions and Answers with complete solution
Samenvatting ·
Aardrijkskunde samenvatting systeem aarde: H1 De actieve aarde
