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P4 Task 1: Describe the method available to treat a type of infectious disease
Influenza is a viral illness that is portrayed by far reaching occasional reason for the infection
is the flu infection which Is transmitted from individual to individual through the respiratory
framework. Flu infection develops additional time this implies that there is not just at least
one explicit infections of a particular infection that enacts or contaminates people, and they
are continuously evolving infections. This change empowers the infection to attack and
assault the insusceptible framework, so an individual is uncovered for the duration of his life
to contamination with the flu infection. (Influenza (flu) - Symptoms and causes Author
unknown, 2021)
The flu has many unique features which include fixed seasonality which is where influenza is
spread in the winter in the northern hemisphere in summer in the southern hemisphere and
in rainy seasons in the tropics. They also can change at a higher rate the structure of
proteins on its surface deceiving the immune system that before had produced antibodies
against the earlier version of it there for this implies that the disease can affect the same
person more than once. Whenever the flu is spread it affects a very large group of adults
and children estimated at about a third of the children and 10% of adults which creates
unbearable pressure on hospitals and clinics. (Influenza (flu) - Symptoms and causes Author
unknown, 2021)
Flu is caused by influenza of types C, B, or A viruses of type B and A are accountable for
epidemics of respiratory disease that take place every winter. Moreover, viruses of type C
cause the respiratory disease which is less severe than the previous two types mentioned
before also the influenza vaccine is given against types A and B only the influenza A virus
infects animals whereas type B only affects humans. (Influenza (flu) - Symptoms and causes
Author unknown, 2021)
Normally nothing is needed apart from drinking lots of water and plenty of rest but if the
infection is severe and your at high risk of developing complications you may be given or
prescribed antiviral drugs to treat the influenza antiviral drugs can include zanamivir and
oseltamivir. Zanamivir is the one that is inhaled through a device kind of like an asthma
inhaler but shouldn’t be given to certain individuals with chronic respiratory problems like
lung disease and asthma whereas oseltamivir is taken by mouth (oral medication). (Authors
Drexler and (US) prevention and treatment, 2021)
There are two types of influenza vaccine which are widely available one is called inactivated
influenza vaccine and the other is live attenuated influenza vaccine also called a trivalent
vaccine they are used to protect against the three seasonal influenza viruses. Inactivated
influenza vaccines are inactivated to prevent influenza itself however it has some side
effects such as pain at the injection site and those who have never had an influenza vaccine
may experience fever, and muscle pain.(Types of seasonal influenza vaccine, WHO
organization 2021)
Attenuated influenza vaccines are only recommended for Individuals aged 2-49 years which
also don’t have any medical conditions the vaccine itself cannot be given to pregnant
women. The vaccine is given as a nasal spray only 1 dose it can also cause symptoms like
sore throat, and fever. (Types of seasonal influenza vaccine, WHO organization 2021)
, M3 Task 2: Analyse different treatment methods to combat disease process
Anti-malarial this medicine is normally taken as an oral treatment often used to prevent and
treat malaria this medicine should be taken when on travel to areas where the risk of
exposure to malaria is high. This is because they can decrease the risk of malaria by up to
90% however the dose taken will depend on the person taking the medicine the adult
dosage is 1 strength tablet a day same goes for the child dose more importantly this
depends on the child’s weight. Additionally, for effectiveness they should begin 2 days
before the travel and after that taken everyday up to 7 days after return. (Authors Drexler
and (US) prevention and treatment, 2021)
Antimalarial drugs work by killing malaria parasite when they are in development stage in
the red blood cells and liver moreover these drugs sometimes might not work because of
insufficient blood concentrations this may then lead to problems with patient compliance,
incorrect dosing or poor quality of the drug can all be factors as to why they antimalarial
drugs might not work sometimes. (Authors Drexler and (US) prevention and treatment, 2021)
Oral rehydration therapy is the replacing of fluid and is mostly used to treat and prevent
dehydration this works by the patient drinking water with some additional amounts of salts
and sugars containing zinc, potassium, and sodium. The use of this treatment has reduced
the risk of death from diarrhoea significantly by 90% however this comes with side effects
such as high blood potassium, blood sodium, and being sick. (Authors Drexler and (US)
prevention and treatment, 2021)
The way it works is the glucose that is stored in oral rehydration therapy allows the intestine
to absorb the salts and fluids more efficiently oral rehydration therapy treats cholera which
causes dehydration and 99% of the patients survive when given the treatment that’s why
oral rehydration therapy is key to treating cholera. Oral rehydration therapy might not
always work because signs of dehydration may heighten because of giving ORT plus the
person is then not able to drink because of decreased levels of consciousness evidence
shows ileus and intestinal blockage from using ORT as treatment. (Authors Drexler and (US)
prevention and treatment, 2021)
Immunoglobulins are antibodies in the body which are produced by white blood cells to
engulf and destroy infections these are produced by B cells and are the essential part for the
immune system to recognise and respond and bind antigens for instance viral infections and
bacteria. But some people are unable to produce immunoglobins and therefore may need
replacement therapy this makes sure that the body uses antibodies from another person’s
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