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Summary Health, Welfare and Management (ADP-30306)
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Summary of the Health, Welfare and Management Course
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Health, Welfare and ManagementAdaptive capacity
Adaptive capacity
Ability of an animal to adapt to a changing environment with minimum loss of function
Represent a range of factor it can cope with
How to balance adaptive capacity with environment
Genetic selection
Stimulate the development of adaptive capacity
o Epigenetic effects
o Pre- and postnatal
o Experience and learning
Facilitate adaptive capacity
o Provide right environment
Development of adaptive capacity
Difference in temperature first weeks in pigs
o Low temperature causes short legs and ‘’rounder” animal with more fat
o High temperature longer legs and tail
To lose heat
Immune systems is very dynamic in early life
Facilitation adaptive capacity
Social experience
Negative energy balance
o During first week of lactation energy balance is too low
o Keep milking the cow will result in a less negative energy balance
Health status
Tasks of immune system
Protection against infection
Combat of infection
Maintenance of homeostasis
Sensory organ
Protection to tumours
Different infections need different methods
Virus T cells
Bacteria / worms B cells, plasma cells, antibodies
Immune levels
Age dependent
o Baby’s and elderly have lower immune levels
Sex
o Males have lower immune levels thanks to testosterone
Stress level decreases immune level
, Happiness increases immune level
Diet has major influence
o Malnutrition, deficiencies, one sided
Biological rhythms
o Daily, seasonal
2 types of immune systems
Mucosa immune system
o Gut, lungs, reproductive organs, bladder
Systemic immune system
(Immune privileged sites)
o Brain, thymus, testis
Types of immunity
Innate (natural)
o Born with
o Directed to danger signals
o No memory, but training
o Cells
Natural antibodies
Cytokines
Phagocytes (eat cells)
Adaptive (specific)
o Involves either T and/or B cells
o B cells
Specific receptors: Immunoglobins
Plasma cells antibodies
o T cells
TH, Tcyt, Treg
Specific receptors: TCR
2 types
o 2 types of responses
TH1
Cell mediated
Inflammatory
TH2
Antibody mediated
Relevant parameters
Reflection of the protection to infectious disease
Maintenance of homeostasis
Value markers for health
Immune responses to vaccines
Antibodies and delayed type hypersensitivity
Mucosal IgA levels (saliva)
, Chicken vitality
Good quality chicken
Visual score
Large open eyes
Form and colour of the beak
Leg position
Body weight
o Lower residual yolk is preferred
More nutrients are absorbed
Colour of down
Behaviour
Chicken length
Yolk free body mass
Fast but subjective
Tona/Pasgar score
Tona: 0-100
Pasgar: 5-10
Reflex, navel, legs, beak, residual yolk
Precise, but time consuming
Embryo development
First nerves systems (brain)
Second brain
Factors affecting chicken quality
Breed
Breeder flock age
Egg size
Storage temperature (before incubation)
Incubation temperature
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