This is the final assignment required for unit 14 Organic chemistry BTEC. the assignment covers all the key aspects of the specification and it will help you achieve a distinction grade in your assignment. please do not copy and paste because that will count as plagiarism to you, use it as a guide ...
D: Investigate organic chemistry reactions in order to gain skills in preparative organic chemistry.
P5
Halogenoalkane from an alcohol:
2-methylpropan-2-ol + hydrochloric acid → 2-chloro-2 methylpropane + water
(CH3)3COH + HCl → (CH3)3CCl + H2O
1. within this method it was required that 10cm3 of 2-methylpropan-2-ol was added to a
measuring cylinder with its weight of 35.31 g. The mass of the measuring cylinder and 2-
methylpropan-2-ol were 42.73 g. The liquid was then poured into a clamped separating
funnel and the empty measuring cylinder was again measured: its weight was 35.50 g. The
wight difference of 0.19 g means that residue remained. Therefore the final mass of 2-
methylpropan-2-ol was 7.23 g.
2. In a fume cupboard, 30 cm3 of hydrochloric acid was added to 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
3. The funnel was inverted for a few times to release the pressure created inside by carbon
dioxide.
4. The liquid was then left for 5 minutes for the 2 layers to form: the bottom layer was the
waste, and the top layer was the organic product. The time allowed the residue to also be
collected
, 5. the bottom layer, which was waste, needs to be discarded in a waste beaker. The stoper
must be taken off to release the vacuum allowing the liquid to flow. The separating funnel
was designed as V-shaped as it allowed to separate the layers at one drop.
6. To the organic layer remained in the funnel, 15 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium hydrogen
carbonate is used to remove any unreacted hydrochloric acid in the solution. The funnel is
again inverted several times and the stopper is taken off to release pressure of carbon
dioxide.
7. the bottom layer, which was waste, needs to be discarded in a waste beaker. The stoper
must be taken off to release the vacuum allowing the liquid to flow.
8. A dry 250 ml conical flask was used to pour in the organic layer. Small amounts of
anhydrous calcium chloride was added to the mixture to remove any traces of water from
the mixture because sodium sulphate is a drying agent. The mixture was swirled several
times until the liquid of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is clear. also before distillation is
important that anhydrous calcium chloride is used to ensure that any unreacted alcohol is in
the lower aq layer than in the organic layer.
9. Set up clean and dry apparatus for the purification of the organic product using distillation
process. The thermometer bulb must be in parallel to the condenser.
10. The organic liquid is then transferred into a 100 cm3 distillation flask and few anti-bumping
granules were added.
11. A 250ml dry conical flask was measured; its wight was 53.80 g
12. The organic layer is ready to be heated in a water bath not Bunsen burner because the
alcohol is flammable. A beaker of 200 ml was used to create a water bath where 100 ml of
hot water was added. The liquid was treated in that water bath that was allowed to increase
in temperature until 48-51 °C. The liquid of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane was then collected.
13. The distillation process must be stopped because the boiling point of alcohol is usually
between 51-55 °C, the temperature is kept constant until 51 °C, after that the energy will
start to increase and will be used to break the intermolecular forces. The flask containing the
product was reweighted as 61.41 g. Therefore the product of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane has
the weight of 7.61 g.
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