AMLS - STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

List 7 Red Flags for Breathing - ANSWER-1. Reduced consciousness 2. Cyanosis 3. SpO2 29 5. Asymmetrical movement 6. Tracheal deviation and distress 7. Inability to count to five in a single breath List 7 Red Flags for Circulatory Problems - ANSWER-1. Reduced consciousness 2. Profound pallor 3. Marked sweating 4. Systolic BP 140 6. Skin mottling 7. Dysrhythmia & hypotension List 5 Red Flags for Airway Assessment - ANSWER-1. Reduced consciousness 2. Stridor 3. Snoring 4. Voice change 5. Tongue swelling List 5 Red Flags of Disability Assessment - ANSWER-1. Hypoglycaemia 2. Reducing level of consciousness 3. Persistent fitting 4. Progression of signs (e.g. headache, lateralization) 5. P,U or not localizing pain List 3 Red Flags on General Assessment - ANSWER-1. Purpuric rash 2. Erythrodermia 3. Core temperature 40deg List 11 immediately life-threatening causes of airway obstruction - ANSWER-1. Tongue swelling (pharynx) 2. Swelling of the epiglottis or soft tissues (pharynx) 3. Oedema of the larynx 4. Laryngospasm (spasm of the vocal cords) 5. Foreign body in larynx 6. Laryngeal trauma 7. Subglottic secretions or foreign body 8. Subglottic swelling 9. Bronchial aspiration 10. Tension pneumothorax 11. Bronchial foreign body List 7 immediately life-threatening causes of breathlessness - ANSWER-1. Airway obstruction 2. Acute severe asthma 3. Acute exacerbation of COPD 4. Pulmonary oedema 5. Tension pneumothorax 6. Critical oxygen desaturation 7. Circulatory shock List 5 Life-threatening conditions that present with cutaneous manifestations - ANSWER-1. Anaphylaxis 2. Angio-oedema 3. Meningococcal sepsis 4. Gonococcal sepsis 5. Cellulitis 6. Erythroderma List 10 danger signs/reasons to admit a severe asthmatic to ICU - ANSWER-1. Hypoxaemia (PaO2 0,6) 2. Hypercapnia (PaCO2 6 kPa) 3. Acidaemia 4. Exhaustion 5. Altered level of consciousness (confused, drowsy, unconscious) 6. Respiratory arrest 7. Silent chest 8. Tachycardia 130/min 9. Bradycardia 10. Peak expiratory flow 33% of predicted List 5 medicines that cause dilatation of the pupils - ANSWER-1 Tricyclic antidepressants 2. Anticholinergics 3. Antihistamines 4. Ephedrine 5. Amphetamines 6. Cocaine List 5 substances that can cause coma - ANSWER-1. Barbiturates 2. Tricyclic antidepressants 3. Opioids 4. Benzodiazepines 5. Ethanol List 5 non-traumatic life-threatening disorders of the circulatory system - ANSWER-1. Airway obstruction 2. Acute severe asthma 3. Pulmonary oedema 4. Tension pneumothorax 5. Circulatory shock Name 5 non-traumatic life threatening disorders of the neurological system~1. Stroke 2. Subarachnoid haemorrhage 3. Meningitis 4. Encephalitis 5. Cerebral abscess 6. Cerebral malaria 7. Intracerebral tumour List 8 life-threatening conditions presenting with abdominal pain - ANSWER-1. Gastrointestinal bleeding 2. Aortic dissection 3. Ectopic pregnancy 4. Acute pancreatitis 5. Small bowel infarction 6. Sepsis 7. Acute myocardial infarction 8. Diabetic ketoacidosis A 28 year old female is being evaluated for an acute onset of an alteration in mentation. She complained of a stiff neck and persistent headache. Vital signs are P112, R22 and regular, BP 144/88, SpO2 95% and T 102.3°F (39°C). The healthcare provider should observe for which complication? - ANSWER-Seizure A 45 year old patient is found supine on the floor of the Triage area. Healthcare providers note pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations and vomitus in and around the mouth. What course of action should be implemented next? - ANSWER-Supplemental oxygen and suction Patients with a history of chronic bronchitis that present with shortness of breath are likely to have which condition? - ANSWER-Pulmonary embolism Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by what pathological change? - ANSWER-Breakdown of the alveolar-capillary membrane An anxious male complains of a sore throat, fever, chills, dental pain and dyspnea. the patient has a firm, red pronounced swelling in the sublingual anterior throat area and tongue. What diagnosis is most likely? - ANSWER-Ludwig's angina Patients on mechanical ventilation may have hypoxemia due to alveolar collapse from mucous plugging. The best treatment for this is: - ANSWER-Administer PEEP Anaphylaxis is most associated with which physiological event? - ANSWERVasodilation An elderly patient in an assisted living facility presents with a diminished level of consciousness and elevated white blood count. Assessment reveals pale, clammy skin and a urinary catherter with dark colored urine. Vital signs are P132, R 38 and shallow, BP 78/46, SpO2 91% and T 100.8°F (32.8°C). What classification of shock is the patient most likely experiencing? - ANSWER-Distributive Healthcare providers are assessing a patient with pronounced jugular vein distention and muffled heart tones. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 74/52. What classification of shock should be suspected? - ANSWER-Obstructive During compensatory shock, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated to cause a/an: - ANSWER-Increase in preload, afterload and re-absorption of sodium A 42 year old patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is taking glucocorticoids. Over the past two weeks, she complains of chronic fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite with weight loss. Lab results indicate hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. What underlying diagnosis is suspected? - ANSWER-Adrenal insuffiency Which condition should the healthcare provider consider to usually be a non-emergent, non-life threatening illness? - ANSWER-Thoracic outlet syndrome Healthcare providers should use extreme caution with nitroglycerin when ST elevation is present in which ECG leads? - ANSWER-II, III, aVF Which is a high-risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage? - ANSWER-Cocaine drug abuse What is the initial treatment for a patient experiencing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS)? - ANSWER-Crystalloid IV fluid resuscitation What condition is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER-narcotic overdose What is the most effective treatment for an unconscious patient in respiratory acidosis? - ANSWER-Assisted bag-mask ventilation An autoimmune disease which produces antibodies that mimic the role of TSH and cause an increase in thyroid hormones is: - ANSWER-Grave's disease Glucagon may not be effective treatment for a patient with hypoglycemia if they also have which underlying illness? - ANSWER-Alcoholism A 24 year old has completed a triathlon on a hot, humid day. The athlete complains of a severe headache, muscle cramps and abdominal pain. As the patient history is obtained, the athlete becomes lethargic. What underlying electrolyte disturbance should the healthcare provider most likely suspect? - ANSWER-Hyponatremia What is the sign on the ECG that will indicate a patient is experiencing hyperkalemia? - ANSWER-Peaked T waves An 82 year old alcoholic complains of nausea, non-bloody