Summary Evolution notes (matric ieb) - Life sciences
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Course
Life Sciences
Institution
12th Grade
Complete notes on evolution and hominid studies for ieb matric. Comprehensively typed in bulleted form. Includes summary tables of homids; Australopithecines and homo species. These notes helped me achieve a distinction and be placed in the top 1% for Life Sciences.
,Contents
- Hypothesis vs theory
- Development of the theory of evolution
- Evidence of evolution
- Fundamental aspects of evolution
- Natural selection
- Artificial selection
- Other mechanisms of natural selection
- Founder effect
- Convergence and divergence
Hominid studies:
- Classifications of hominids
- Anatomical similarities between apes and humans
- Anatomical differences between apes and humans
- Fossil evidence
- Genetic evidence
- Cultural evidence
- Ardipithecus
- Australopithecus
- Homo
- The san
- Interdependence of hominid skills
- Origin of humans hypotheses
- Hominid summary tables
, Evolution
Hypothesis vs theory
Hypothesis
- A proposed solution to a problem/explanation of a phenomenon based on scientific
evidence and observations
- A hypothesis is tested
Theory
- Well-substantiated explaination or hypothesis
- Based on scientific evidence, tested and confirmed
- Develops and changes as new evidence is discovered
Evolution is a scientific theory, as it is based on a series of hypotheses that have been tested and
verified over time
Evolution
The process by which characteristics of a population gradually change over time
Biological evolution - genetic changes in a population that are inherited due to natural selection
resulting in a new species
Development of the Theory of evolution
Erasmus Darwin
- Grandfather of Charles Darwin
- Life on earth originated from a single common ancestor
- There are similarities between organisms which shows a common anssestor
- Used artificial selection and metamorphosis in tadpoles to illustrate this
Jean Baptiste De Lamarck
The theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics:
- The use or disuse of organs may cause organse to increase or decrease in size or dissapear
o The environment changes and thus organism changes
o Organ is not used and becomes smaller
o Organ is used a lot and becomes bigger
- An orgaism develops changes in characteristics over their lifetime that are inherited by their
offspring – results in the formation of a new species
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