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Summary AS Cambridge Psychology / Baron-Cohen et al.
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Psychology Baron-Cohen et al.Eyes Test
• Title:
• The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test Revised Version: A study with normal adults, and
adults with Asperger syndrome or High-functioning Autism.
• Year: 2001
Psychology being investigated
• The main idea of the eyes test was to investigate the theory of mind.
• This is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself or another person and this ability is the
main way in which we make sense of or predict another person’s behaviour.
• The notion is that many autistic individuals do not understand that other people have their own
plans, thoughts, and points of view.
• It appears that they have di culty understanding other people’s beliefs, attitudes, and
emotions.
Background
• In 1997 the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test was developed to assess the theory of mind.
This appeared to discriminate between adults with the Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-
functioning autistic (HFA) adults from control adults.
• The two former groups scored signi cantly worse. However, the researchers were not happy
with elects of the original study and wanted to “grade” their measures to make it better.
Aim
• To test a group of adults with AS or HFA on the revised version of the eyes test. This was in
order to check if the de cits in this group that had been found in the original study could be
replicated.
• To test if in a sample of normal adults, an inverse (negative) correlation would be found between
performance on the (revised) Eyes Test and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ).
• To test whether females scored better on the Eyes Test than males.
Procedure
• Research Method: Natural Experiment (as the IV is naturally occurring) and Questionnaire
• Experimental Design: Independent Groups
• IV: Four groups of participants (naturally occurring)
• DV: Score on Eyes Test and Autism Spectrum Quotient
• Sample:
• Group 1: 15 male adults with AS and HFA. Recruited via adverts in the UK National Autistic
Society Magazine, or equivalent support groups. They spanned an equivalent range of
socioeconomic classes and educational levels as seen in group 2.
• Group 2: 122 normal adults drawn from the adult community and educational classes in
Exeter, or for public library users in Cambridge. They had a broad range of occupations and
educational levels.
• Group 3: 103 normal adult students (53 male; 50 female) studying for undergraduate degrees
in Cambridge University (71 in sciences, 32 in other subjects). This group is not representative
of the general population and can be considered to have a high IQ.
• Group 4: Randomly selected 14 adults from the general population who were matched for
their IQ with group 1.
• Initially, the rst two authors of this study chose the “correct” word and the “foil”.
• They were then piloted on 8 judges (4 m; 4 f)
• For the correct word and its foil to be used, 5 out of 8 had to agree with the choice.
• No more than 2 judges should pick the foil.
• Participants tested individually in a quiet room in Cambridge or Exeter.
• Participants in AS/HFA group were asked to judge the gender of each eye pair additionally.
• Groups 1, 3 and 4 completed a questionnaire to measure their AQ.
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