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Summary AS Level Computer Science - Communication
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  • Unit 1 - Theory Fundamentals
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  • CIE

In this document, you will learn about - the benefits of networking devices - the characteristics of a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN) - client-server and peer-to-peer models in networking - the differences between thin client and thick client - bas, star, mesh and hybri...

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Document information

  • November 18, 2022
  • 46
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • arpanet
  • wan
  • lan
  • man
  • file server
  • switch
  • router
  • modem
  • wlan
  • pan
  • client server
  • node
  • peer to peer
  • thin client
  • thick client
  • bus network topology
  • packet
  • star network topo
  • hub
  • wap
  • spread spectrum technology

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • CIE
  • Computer Science
  • Unit 1 - Theory Fundamentals
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Content preview

Chapter 2 – Communication




Syed Shehryar Danish

, Networking

Key Terms

ARPAnet Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

WAN Wide Area Network – network covering a very large
geographical area

LAN Local Area Network – network covering a small area such as a
single building

MAN Metropolitan Area Network – network which is larger than a
LAN but smaller than a WAN, which can cover several buildings
in a single city, such as a university campus

File Server A server on a network where central files and other data are
stored. They can be accessed by a user logged onto the
network

Hub Hardware used to connect together a number of devices to
form a LAN that directs incoming data packets to all devices on
the network

Switch Hardware used to connect together a number of devices to
form a LAN that directs incoming data packets to a specific
destination address only

Router Device which enables data packets to be routed between
different networks. For example, can join LANs and to form a
WAN

Modem Modulator Demodulator. A device that converts digital data to
analogue data to be sent down a telephone wire; conversely it
also converts analogue data to digital data which a computer
can process

WLAN Wireless LAN

(W)AP (Wireless) access point which allows a device to access a LAN
without a wire connection

PAN Network that is centered around a person or their workspace




Syed Shehryar Danish

,Client-Server Network that uses separate dedicated servers and specific
client workstations. All client computers are connected to the
dedicated servers

Spread Spectrum Technology Wideband radio frequency with a range of 30 to 50 meters

Node Device connected to a network

Peer-to-Peer Network in which each node can share its files with all the
other nodes. Each node has its own data an there is no central
server

Thin Client Device that needs access to the internet for it to work and
depends on a more powerful computer for processing

Thick Client Device which can work both off line and on line and is able to
do some processing even if not connected to a network

Bus Network Topology Network using single central cable in which all devices are
connected to this cable so data can only travel in one direction
and only one device is allowed to transmit at a time

Packet Message/data sent over a network from node to node. Packets
include the address of the node sending the packet, the
addresses of the packet recipient and the actual data

Star Network Topology A network that uses a central hub/switch with all devices
connected to this central hub/switch so all data packets are
directed through this central hub/switch

Mesh Network Topology Interlinked computers, which use routing logic so data packets
are sent from sending stations to receiving stations only by the
shortest route

Hybrid Network Network make up of a combination of other network
topologies

Cloud Storage Method of data storage where data is stored on off-site
servers

Data Redundancy Situation in which the same data is stored on several servers in
case of maintenance or repair

Wi-Fi Wireless connectivity that uses radio waves, microwaves.
Implements IEEE 802.11 protocols




Syed Shehryar Danish

, Bluetooth Wireless connectivity that uses radio waves in the 2.45 GHz
frequency band

Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping A method of transmitting radio signals in which a device picks
one of 79 channels at random. If the chosen channel is already
in use, it randomly chooses another channel. It has a range up
to 100 meters

WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network. A local wireless network
which connects together devices in very close proximity;
typical devices would be a laptop, smartphone, tablet and
printer

Twisted Pair Cable Type of cable in which two wires of a single circuit are twisted
together. Several twisted pairs make up a single cable

Coaxial Cable Cable made up of central copper core, insulation, copper mesh
and other insulation

Fiber Optic Cable Cable made up of glass fiber wires which use pulses of light
rather than electricity to transmit data

Gateway Device that connects LANs which use different protocols

Repeater Device used to boost a signal on both wired and wireless
networks

Repeating Hubs Network devices which are a hybrid of hub and repeater unit

Bridge Device that connects LANs which use the same protocols

Softmodem Abbreviation for software modem; a software-based modem
that uses minimal hardware

NIC Network Interface Card. These cards allow devices to connect
to a network usually associated with a MAC address set at the
factory

WNIC Wireless Network Interface Card/Controllers

Ethernet Protocol IEEE 802.3 used by many wired LANs

Conflict Situation in which two devices have the same IP address

Broadcast Communication where pieces of data are sent from sender to
receiver




Syed Shehryar Danish

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