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PTCB Exam Review Medications I
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PTCB Exam ReviewMedications I
Water Soluble Vitamins: Vitamins that dissolve in water in the body. Excess tends to be
excreted through waste.
Examples of Water Soluble vitamins are:
B vitamins:
● Thiamine (B1)
● Niacin (B3)
● Pyridoxine (B6)
● Folate (B9)
● Riboflavin (B2)
● Pantothenic Acid (B5)
● Cyanocobalamin (B12)
● Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C): Not a B vitamin, but don't forget this is water-soluble as well
Fat Soluble Vitamins: Unlike Water Soluble Vitamins, these vitamins dissolve in the
bloodstream and are usually consumed in High Fat and Food items.
Examples of Fat-Soluble vitamins are:
● Retinol (Vitamin A)
● Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D)
● Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
● Phytonadione (Vitamin K)
Common Allergy Medications: Used to treat seasonal allergies/Rhinitis, they are mostly
tablet/capsule form. There are few exceptions, but here are the most common ones that are
seen often and are used:
PO (Per Oral) Administration:
● Fexofenadine (Allegra)
● Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
● Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
● Loratadine (Claritin)
● Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Intra-Nasally (Nasal)
● Fluticasone (Nasonex)
Ocular:
, ● Olopatadine hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution 0.2% (Pataday)
● Ketotifen (Zaditor)
Common OTC Supplements: These are usually supplements recommended in conjunction
with therapies and non-OTC medications that are not vitamins but supplements are the same.
Common examples and their uses:
● Omega 3 & 3/6/9: Cholesterol and Diet Health
● Melatonin: Sleep Aid
● Azo (Cranberry/Cranberry Supplements): For urinary tract health and pain relief
associated with period cramps and UTI infections
● St. John’s Wort: Stress relief, mental illness
● Saw Palmetto: Prostate Health
● Milk Thistle: Liver Health
● CoQ Enzyme 10: Gut Health
● Floraster/Acidophilus: Promote healthy flora/gut health
Common OTC Supplements Topicals: Used for atopic dermatitis, allergies, as well as
antibiotic and antifungal treatments. Here are a few of the most common ones that are seen
both in retail and hospital settings:
● Diphenhydramine Cream (Benadryl Cream): for itching and relief associated with allergic
reactions like hives and contact dermatitis
● Hydrocortisone Cream/Ointment (Cortisone): for allergies, eczema, dermatitis and
itching/redness relief associated with these conditions
● Clotrimazole Cream (Lotrimin AF): antifungal relief for athlete’s foot, ringworm, thrush,
fungal nails
● Neomycin/BacitracinPolymixin-B (Neosporin): antibiotic ointment used for minor cuts,
scrapes and abrasions. Prevents bacterial infections
Common OTC Supplements Pain Management: This class of medication is used to treat a
wide range of aches and pains as well as used in conjunction with other pain regiments. Often
used for “breakthrough pain,” these can help with recovery and functions for everyday activity
while recovering from injury:
● Acetaminophen (Tylenol): used for issues big and small, this is used for all sorts of aches
and pains as well as fever
● Aspirin (Bayer, Baby Aspirin, Ecotrin): used in tandem with non-OTC medications for
heart health, headaches, fever, etc. Key to note this belongs to the family of pain
medications known as NSAIDs
NSAIDs or Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, are mostly used to manage pain associated
with arthritis, gout, and other forms of joint pain and discomfort. It is important to mention, while
effective, they can lead to and cause ulcers if not taken with food. Caution should always be
exercised when using these drugs. With that said here are a couple of examples:
, ● Ibuprofen (Advil): another commonly used pain med, for lots of different pains. Can also
help with fever and cramps associated with period pain
● Naproxen (Aleve): usually prescribed for joint pain and arthritis
Adverse Effects associated with OTC Supplements: While a lot of medications are highly
compatible with most OTC supplements and vitamins, care should be taken in administration
and spacing medications should be explained to patients when being counseled on side effects.
● Supplements with Calcium for instance, can affect the absorption of antibiotics,
levothyroxine, and various blood pressure medications.
● Magnesium and aluminum supplements can cause issues with digoxin absorption.
● Aspirin in conjunction with warfarin can cause abnormal bleeding.
● Allergy medications like Diphenhydramine can cause drowsiness and while they can
relieve allergy symptoms a non drowsy alternative like cetirizine or fexofenadine should
be recommended if you are not able to safely function while taking this medication.
● Some of these medications can be absorbed in breast milk and should be considered
when the patient is pregnant or nursing. NSAIDs are also not recommended in the last
trimester of pregnancy as it can have unforeseen effects on the fetus and its
development as well as cause complications with delivery.
In conclusion: There are plenty of other OTC medications and supplements that were not
mentioned, however these are some of the more common medications and uses/side effects we
see when we use these supplements and vitamins in both the hospital and retail settings.
Medications II
Narrow Therapeutic Index
● Medications where small differences in dose or blood concentration may lead to serious
therapeutic failures or adverse drug reactions.
Most drugs that are commonly encountered that have Narrow Therapeutic Indexes
NTI Medication Indication
(Anti-epileptics/mood disorders) Seizures, bipolar disorder
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Fosphenytoin
Phenobarbital
Valproic acid
Lithium
Clozapine
Digoxin Atrial fibrillation
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