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Summary BOT161 leaf lecture
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A summary document for the first year module of botany. The summary is for the leaf and adaptations lecture
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By: dpreez • 1 year ago
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PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF STEMSTheme C
Leaves and adaptations
What is a leaf?
Any usually flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a vascular plant.
• Photosynthesis
• Transpiration
• Storage of water and nutrients.
• Defence or protection
The structural parts of a leaf are:
1. Midrib 2. Veins
3. Margin 4. Leaf base
5. Petiole 6. Lamina (the leaf blade)
7. Stipules (small pair of leaf-like structures at the base of the petiole)
Structure: Function:
• Leaf morphology • Photosynthesis • Pollination
• Leaf arrangement • Transpiration • Waste disposal
• Leaf anatomy • Protection
Tissue Organization of Leaves
• The epidermal barrier: Has stomata – gaseous exchange and transpiration, Coated by a waxy cuticle – why?
• The ground tissue – mesophyll: Is sandwiched between the adaxial and abaxial epidermis
• The vascular tissue: Is continuous with the vascular tissue of the stem
, Leaf arrangement
• Leaf arrangement on a stem may be
- Alternate (one leaf at each node)
- Opposite (two leaves at each node)
- Whorled (three or more leaves at each node)
• In classifying angiosperms - Taxonomists may use leaf morphology as a criterion
Leaf Venation
• Monocots and dicots (Differ in the arrangement of veins, the vascular tissue of leaves)
• Most monocots (Have parallel veins)
• Most dicots (Have branching veins (net veined)) (Pinnate / Palmate)
Modified leaves
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