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Summary Carbohydrates Notes - A Level Biology
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Notes on Carbohydrates that are specification specific and very detailed AQA Exam Board Chapter : Biological Molecules
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carbohydratesmonosaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger
carbohydrates are made
Give 3 examples of monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What is an isomer?
Same molecular formula but differently arranged atoms
What are the names of the isomers of glucose?
Alpha and beta glucose
What is the difference between the glucose isomers?
In beta glucose, the right OH is on top instead of at the
bottom
disaccharides
How are disaccharides formed?
Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two
monosaccharides
Describe the reaction to form a disaccharide
carbohydrates 1
, A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides
forms a glycosidic bond.
What is maltose composed of?
Glucose + Glucose
What is sucrose composed of?
Glucose + Fructose
What is lactose composed of?
Glucose + Galactose
polysaccharides
How are polysaccharides formed?
Polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of many
glucose units.
Give 3 examples of polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
What are glycogen and starch made of?
Alpha glucose
What is cellulose made of?
Beta glucose
What kind of starch is unbranched/has only 1:4
glycosidic bonds?
Amylose
10-30% of starch
What kind of starch has branches/has 1:6 glycosidic
bonds
Amylopectin
carbohydrates 2
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