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NR 601|NR601| NR 601 Midterm Exam
Review / NR601 Midterm Exam Review
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NR 601 Midterm Exam review
Week 1
Developmental changes
o Review Kennedy readings for age related changes
o Physiological
Physiological
Age related Change Functional Change Implications
Integumentary
System
Loss of dermal and Loss of subcutaneous Prone to skin breakdown
epidermal thickness tissue and thin and injury
epidermis.
Decreased vascularity • Atrophy of sweat • Alteration in
glands resulting in thermoregulatory
decreased sweat response
production
• Fluid requirements
• Decreased body odor may change seasonally
Cilia atrophy Change in mucociliary Increased susceptibility
transport to infection
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Decreased respiratory • Reduced ability to Increased risk of
muscle strength handle secretions and atelectasis
reduced effectiveness
against noxious foreign
particles
• Partial inflation of
lungs at rest
Cardiovascular
System
Heart valves thicken Reduced stroke Decreased
and become fibrotic volume, cardiac output; responsiveness to stress
may be altered
Fibroelastic thickening Slower heart rate Increased prevalence of
of the sinoatrial node; arrhythmias
decreased number of
pacemaker cells
Decreased Decreased sensitivity Prone to loss of balance,
baroreceptor to changes in blood which increases the risk
sensitivity (stretch pressure for falls
receptors)
GI
Liver becomes smaller Decreased storage
capacity
Decreased muscle Altered motility Increases risk of
tone constipation, functional
bowel syndrome,
esophageal spasm,
diverticular disease
Decreased basal May need fewer calories
metabolic rate (rate
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at which fuel is
converted into
energy)
o Lab results
Lab results
Lab Test Normal Changes with Comments
age
UA
Protein 0-5mg/100ml Rises slightly May be due to kidney
changes with age, urinary
tract infection, renal
pathology
Specific 1.005-1.020 Lower max in Decline in nephrons
Gravity elderly 1.016- impairs ability to
1.022 concentrate urine
Hematolog
y
ESR Men: 0-20 Significant Neither sensitive nor
increase specific in aged
Women: 0-30
Iron Binding 50-160mcg/dl Slight decrease
230-410mcg/dl Decrease
Hemoglobin Men: Men: 10-17g Anemia common in the
13-18g/100ml elderly
Women: None
Women: 12- noted
16g
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