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NURSE-UN 240 A_E I Study guides Week 1 – Older Adult/Critical Thinking and Nursing Practice,100% CORRECT

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NURSE-UN 240

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NURSE-UN 240

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nurse un 240 ae i study guides week 1 – older adultcritical thinking and nursing practice

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NURSE-UN 240 A_E I Study guides Week 1 – Older Adult/Critical
Thinking and Nursing Practice
Lecture Outcomes:
1. Discuss demographic and health-related data pertaining to older adults
2. Discuss common physiologic changes related to aging and its implications
3. Describe and discuss common health care issues among community
dwelling and hospitalized older adults
4. Describe the concept of frailty and its implications in the care of older adults
5. Describe the importance of critical thinking and its relationship it the nursing process

Lecture:
● Older adults = 65+
● Very few older adults live in nursing homes (3.5%)
● Why aging matters
o World’s population is getting older
o Increasing life expectancy
o Chronic diseases have replaced infectious diseases as major causes of death
● More older adult patients and more comorbid conditions as they age so
there is a need for more caregivers → we will need more resources and
better quality care
● Common issues among community-dwelling older adults:
o Decreased nutrition and hydration
o Decreased mobility
o Stress and loss
o Accidents- falls, driving
o Drug use and misuse
o Mental health/cognition problems (including substance abuse)
o Dementia
o Delirium
o Alcohol use and abuse
● Common issues among hospitalized older adults:
o Sleep disorders
o Nutrition
o Continence
o Acute and chronic confusion
o Falls
o Skin breakdowns
● Ageism – discriminating against older adults
o Don’t stereotype
o Avoid “elder speak”

, o Optimize opportunities to engage older adults to participate in their
care and health care decision-making including those who have
impaired cognition
● Select physiologic changes in aging to pay attention to:
o Neurologic/sensory
▪ Loss of axons and neurons (reflex slower)
▪ Slowing of coordinated movements
▪ Decreased sensations (vibrations and proprioception – sense of body
position) →
implications for safety
o Vision
▪ Decreased ability to focus and deal with glare and nighttime vision
▪ Can be an issue of safety when navigating
o Hearing

, ▪ High frequency hearing loss (presbycusis) – may need to
communicate in a very clear manner
▪ Thickening of tympanic membrane
▪ Sclerosis of inner ear
▪ Build up of earwax
o Taste
▪ Diminished
o Integumentary system
▪ More prone to injury, don’t heal as quickly
▪ Loss of collagen fibers and decrease in glandular functions
▪ Decreased moisture and thinning of the dermis
▪ Increased in skin lesions and ‘age spots’
o Thorax and Lungs
▪ Decrease in respiratory muscle strength
▪ Anteroposterior diameter increases
▪ Increase incidence of kyphosis (hunchback – limits thoracic
space so lungs can’t expand fully)
▪ Drier mucous membranes – patient could have injury in
mucous membrane; if giving oxygen, oxygen can be drying
o Heart and Cardiovascular System
▪ Decreased cardiac contractile strength
▪ Baroreceptor sensitivity decreases (responds to changes in pressure)
▪ Decreased arterial compliance – can become hypertensive
▪ Can develop lightheadedness
o Gastrointestinal System and Abdomen
▪ Increased amount of fatty tissues in the trunk
▪ Slowing of peristalsis
▪ Altered gastric and intestinal secretions
▪ Decreased liver functions → risk for liver disorders and
difficulty metabolizing medications
o Urinary System
▪ Decrease in the number of nephrons
▪ Hypertrophy of the prostate
▪ Increased incidence of stress incontinence in older women
(dehydration, sleep disruption)
o Musculoskeletal System
▪ Muscle mass is lost, declines rapidly if not used
▪ Increased incidence of bone tissues related to aging and osteoporosis
● Most frequently diagnosed conditions: arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, cancer
● Chronic diseases:
o Reduce quality of life

, o Limit activity
o Require assistance
o Increase healthcare costs
o Increase hospitalizations
o Impact emotional health
● Common health issues among community-dwelling older adults
o Poor nutrition
o Impaired mobility – makes it difficult to eat
o Stress and loss – precursor to dementia
o The 3 D’s – depression, dementia, delirium

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