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Samenvatting Algemene En Biologische Scheikunde (E04C9a) deel 1
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Samenvatting van de hoofdstukken atoomstructuur van de materie t/m metalen en de ionische verbindingen
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InhoudsopgaveDe atoomstructuur van de materie............................................................................................2
Atomen en moleculen.............................................................................................................2
De chemische elementen........................................................................................................2
De mol en molaire massa....................................................................................................3
Ionen...................................................................................................................................4
Atoommodellen......................................................................................................................4
Atoommodel van Rutherford..............................................................................................4
Atoommodel van Bohr........................................................................................................5
Golfmechanisch atoommidel..............................................................................................5
De elektronenstructuur van de atomen.................................................................................6
Samenstelling van chemische verbindingen...............................................................................8
Formule, relatieve moleculemassa en molaire massa............................................................8
Formule van een verbinding...............................................................................................8
Relatieve molecuulmassa Mr en molaire massa MM.........................................................8
De metalen en de ionische verbindingen...................................................................................9
De chemische binding.............................................................................................................9
De metaalbinding....................................................................................................................9
De ionische verbinding..........................................................................................................10
1
, DE
ATOOMSTRUCTUUR
VAN DE MATERIE
ATOMEN EN MOLECULEN
Moleculen = kleinste onderdeel van zuivere stof
- Zuivere stof = 1 soort
- Mengsel = verschillende moleculen
Atoom = kleinste chemisch materiedeeltjes en is onderdeel van molecule
Element = soort atoom
Enkelvoudige stof = 1 soort atoom in moleculen (vb. O2, S8)
Samengestelde stof = meerdere soorten atomen in moleculen
(vb H2O, SF6)
Kenmerken van atomen:
- Rond
- Geen lading
- M = 1 – 400 * 10-27kg
Samenstelling atoom = centrale kern met elektronenwolk errond
Protonen = welk atoom (H=1, He=2)
Atoom = neutraal => np=ne
Massa atoom is ongeveer Σ(npmp + nnmn)
Omvang atoom bepaald door omvang elektronenwolk
DE CHEMISCHE ELEMENTEN
Atoomnummer Z = np=ne => geeft het aantal protonen in een kern
- Kernlading in e
2
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