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Summary Genetics and genetic engineering (matric IEB) - Life Sciences $5.66   Add to cart

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Summary Genetics and genetic engineering (matric IEB) - Life Sciences

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Typed notes on genetics and genetic engineering in bullet form. Covers everything in this section under the IEB SAGs. Includes notes on Gregor Mendel, genes and alleles, sex chromosomes, sex-linked diseases, polygenic inheritance, mutations, family pedigrees, recombinant DNA technology, human insul...

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  • November 22, 2022
  • 19
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Genetics and genetic
engineering

Life sciences
Matric (grade 12)

,Contents

Genetics:
- Grogor Mendel
- Mendel’s laws
- Genes and alleles
- Sex chromosomes
- Sex-linked diseases
- Polygenic inheritance
- Gene mutations
- Single nucleotide polymorphism
- Genomes and the Human Genome Project
- Family trees

Genetic engineering:
- Overview
- Human insulin
- Vaccines
- How genes are introduced
- Ethical concerns
- GMO’s
- Cloning

, Genetics
Study of the heredity and the variations that occur as genes are passed on
through various generations
To explain the similarities and differences between parents and offspring

Gregor mendel

- ‘Father of genetics’
- Investigated the transfer of characteristics between generations
- He realised that “something” was passed from each parent to the
offspring
- Realised sexual reproduction combinds these “somethings” from each
parent to produce offspring that is unique, yet has similar traits
- Mendel’s findings were gradually accepted
- These “somethings” were genes
- He discovered that each characterisitc had at least 2 alleles (dominant
and recessive)

Mendel’s laws

Mendel’s law of segregation
During meiosis, allele pairs separate so that the gametes have a single allele for
each characteristic

Mendel’s law of dominance
In a cross of parents that are homozygous but are different, only the dominant
trait will appear in the phenotype

Mendel’s law of independent assortment
The alleles of different genes segregate randomly and independently of one
another during formation

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