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Samenvatting kind en ontwikkeling 1, UA

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- Uitgebreide samenvatting - Perfecte voorbereiding op het examen met verschillende niveaus. - Leert vlot - Goede scores obv deze samenvatting te behalen. - met afbeeldingen - inhoudstafel - vrolijk voorblad :)

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  • November 23, 2022
  • 333
  • 2022/2023
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KIND EN ONTWIKKELING
3de bachelor
2019-2020




1

,INHOUDSOPGAVE

Overzicht: inhoud en doel ................................................................................................................ 13

1. anamnese en lichamelijk onderzoek (K. Van Hoeck) ............................................................... 14
1.1. Casus 1: ................................................................................................................................... 14
1.2. Aanpak: 3 S’En ......................................................................................................................... 14
1.3. Structuur: inhoud..................................................................................................................... 14
1.4. CASUS 1 ................................................................................................................................... 15
1.4.1. oorzaken (koorts)? ........................................................................................................... 15
1.4.2. wie is dit kind? ................................................................................................................. 15
1.4.3. SCHEMA ........................................................................................................................... 16
1.5. Structuur antecedenten (= historisch verloop) ......................................................................... 16
1.5.1. casus: antecedenten ........................................................................................................ 17
1.5.2. het huidige probleem: structuur? .................................................................................... 17
1.5.3. actieve versus passieve diagnose ..................................................................................... 18
1.6. klinisch onderzoek ................................................................................................................... 18
1.6.1. het lichamelijk onderzoek ................................................................................................ 19
1.6.2. gericht klinisch onderzoek met detail inspectie, auscultatie en palpatie ......................... 21
1.7. besluit ...................................................................................................................................... 25
1.7.1. casus ................................................................................................................................ 25

2. Normale ontwikkeling van het kind (ceulemans) .................................................................... 26
2.1. spurt in de ontwikkeling .......................................................................................................... 26
2.2. biolgisch substraat .................................................................................................................. 26
2.3. kliniek ...................................................................................................................................... 26
2.4. menselijke hersenontwikkeling ................................................................................................ 26
2.4.1. 1. primaire neurulatie ...................................................................................................... 26
2.4.2. 2. prosencephalon ontwikkeling ...................................................................................... 27
2.4.3. 3. neuronale proliferatie .................................................................................................. 27
2.4.4. 4. migratie ........................................................................................................................ 28
2.4.5. 5. organisatie.................................................................................................................... 28
2.4.6. 6. myelinisatie .................................................................................................................. 29
2.4.7. besluit .............................................................................................................................. 29
2.4.8. overige elementen ........................................................................................................... 30
2.4.9. conclusie biologisch substraat ......................................................................................... 30
2.5. ontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................ 31
2.5.1. general movements ......................................................................................................... 31
2.5.2. psychomotoriek ............................................................................................................... 32
2.6. algemene principes I ................................................................................................................ 34
2.7. stappen.................................................................................................................................... 34
2.8. algemene principes II ............................................................................................................... 35
2.9. algemene principes III .............................................................................................................. 35
2.10. alarmsignalen in de ontwikkeling ........................................................................................ 35

2

, 2.10.1. video ............................................................................................................................. 35
2.11. besluit .................................................................................................................................. 39
2.12. foto’S ................................................................................................................................... 39

3. Ontwikkeling & IQ (ceulemans) .............................................................................................. 40
3.1. EVALUATIE ............................................................................................................................... 40
3.2. Omstandigheden ..................................................................................................................... 40
3.3. hulpmiddelen ........................................................................................................................... 40
3.3.1. Anamnese ........................................................................................................................ 40
3.3.2. Algemeen onderzoek ....................................................................................................... 41
3.3.3. Neurologisch onderzoek .................................................................................................. 41
3.3.4. Posturale houdingen ........................................................................................................ 42
3.3.5. Primitieve reflexen ........................................................................................................... 43
3.3.6. zintuigen onderzoek......................................................................................................... 44
3.3.7. Screeningstesten .............................................................................................................. 44
3.3.8. Ontwikkelingstesten......................................................................................................... 45
3.4. intelligentietesten .................................................................................................................... 45
3.4.1. definitie ............................................................................................................................ 45
3.4.2. Wechler schalen............................................................................................................... 45
3.4.3. mentale retardatie ........................................................................................................... 46
3.4.4. verbaal vs. performaal ..................................................................................................... 47
3.4.5. verstandelijk niveau vs. verstandelijk niveau ................................................................... 47
3.4.6. besluiten .......................................................................................................................... 47

4. abnormale ontwikkeling (ceulemans) ..................................................................................... 48
4.1. Meting & indeling .................................................................................................................... 48
4.2. Groepen ontwikkelingsstoornissen .......................................................................................... 48
4.2.1. Hersenverlamming ........................................................................................................... 49
4.2.2. Mentale retardatie ........................................................................................................... 53
4.2.3. Autismespectrumstoornis (ASS) ....................................................................................... 59
4.2.4. Leerstoornissen ................................................................................................................ 63
4.2.5. Oorzaken .......................................................................................................................... 64
4.2.6. diagnose ........................................................................................................................... 64
4.2.7. behandeling ..................................................................................................................... 64
4.2.8. dyslexie ............................................................................................................................ 64
4.3. ADHD ....................................................................................................................................... 65
4.4. Conclusie ontwikkelingsstoornissen ......................................................................................... 66

5. adaptatie na de geboorte: van foetus naar neonaat (Mulder) ................................................. 67
5.1. disclaimer ................................................................................................................................ 67
5.2. neonatologie ........................................................................................................................... 67
5.3. statistiek .................................................................................................................................. 67
5.3.1. evolutie van het aantal geboorten ................................................................................... 67
5.3.2. zwangerschapsduur ......................................................................................................... 67
5.3.3. sterfte .............................................................................................................................. 67
5.4. casus........................................................................................................................................ 68

3

, 5.4.1. terminologie..................................................................................................................... 68
5.4.2. geboortegewicht .............................................................................................................. 69
5.4.3. placenta ........................................................................................................................... 69
5.4.4. SGA baby .......................................................................................................................... 71
5.4.5. LGA baby .......................................................................................................................... 72
5.4.6. vruchtwater...................................................................................................................... 72
5.4.7. de geboorte ..................................................................................................................... 72
5.4.8. afklemmen ....................................................................................................................... 73
5.4.9. apgar score....................................................................................................................... 73
5.5. casus 2: pieter ......................................................................................................................... 74
5.5.1. de transitie ....................................................................................................................... 75

6. Aanpassing extra-uteriene leven en problemen eerste levensweken - deel 2 (mulder) ............ 81
6.1. Deel 1: wrap up ....................................................................................................................... 81
6.2. hartafwijkingen ....................................................................................................................... 81
6.2.1. casus: marisse .................................................................................................................. 81
6.2.2. cyanose ............................................................................................................................ 81
6.2.3. hartfalen........................................................................................................................... 86
6.2.4. hartgeruis ......................................................................................................................... 88
6.2.5. Tabel 18. 2 lissauer........................................................................................................... 90
6.2.6. cave ductus afhankelijke aandoeningen .......................................................................... 90
6.3. metabool ................................................................................................................................. 90
6.3.1. temperatuur..................................................................................................................... 90
6.3.2. glucose huishouding ........................................................................................................ 91
6.4. take home messages ............................................................................................................... 93

7. embryologie, ontwikkeling en congenitale afwijkingen van de urogenitale tractus (v hoeck) ... 94
7.1. Embryologie............................................................................................................................. 94
7.1.1. 3 stadia van niervorming .................................................................................................. 94
7.1.2. congenitale afwijkingen van de nieren en de urinewegen ............................................... 96
7.1.3. Besluit .............................................................................................................................. 97
7.1.4. essenties .......................................................................................................................... 97
7.2. Congenitale afwijkingen vd nieren en urinewegen .................................................................. 98
7.2.1. Obstructieve nier ............................................................................................................. 98
7.2.2. Pyeloureterale junctiestenose PUJ................................................................................... 98
7.2.3. VUJ stenose ...................................................................................................................... 99
7.2.4. Posterior urethrakleppen ................................................................................................. 99
7.2.5. Vesicoureterale reflux .................................................................................................... 100
7.2.6. nier met duplex systeem ................................................................................................ 101
7.3. Ontwikkeling vd nierfunctie ................................................................................................... 101
7.3.1. de organisatie van het urogenitaal systeem: korte herhaling ........................................ 102
7.3.2. Renale Bloed Flow voor/na geboorte............................................................................. 102
7.3.3. GFR ontwikkeling ........................................................................................................... 103
7.3.4. Basolaterale Na-K ATPase (motor van de tubulaire functie) .......................................... 104
7.3.5. Ontwikkeling vd proximale tubulus functie .................................................................... 107
7.3.6. de lis van henle .............................................................................................................. 108
7.3.7. Distale tubulus: finetuning van de Na/K homeostase .................................................... 108
7.3.8. De intercalaire cel: Zuur base regeling ........................................................................... 109

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