Summary
Summary Unit 8 - musculoskeletal system
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Unit 8 Physiology of Human Body Systems (A1692)
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SKELETAL SYSTEM SKELETAL SYSTEM SKELETAL SYSTEMThe body's internal organs are supported and protected by the skeletal system. Humans have
endoskeletons, which are bones that are hidden beneath the skin and muscle. Some species, such as
insects, have an exoskeleton, which means the skeleton is external to the body. The skeleton is
made up of bones, joints, and other structures of the human body. A human adult has 206 bones in
his or her body. A human child has roughly 300 bones, which fuse together as they grow, resulting in
fewer but stronger bones. The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton are the two parts of the
human skeleton.
Function of the human skeleton
The purpose of the skeleton is to provide a structure of bones for the body. The skeleton supports
the body and gives it its characteristic shape.
The skeleton protects the body organs, such as the lungs and heart, with ribs. The brain is protected
by the skull. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae, and the reproductive organs and urinary
system organs are protected by the pelvis.
Because it is connected to muscles, the skeleton aids movement. It also forms joints and functions as
a level, allowing muscles to pull on it.
Bone marrow is found in some bones in the skeleton and generates red blood cells, white blood
cells, and other blood components. Bone marrow can be found in the sternum, pelvis, vertebrae,
and clavicle, including other places.
The human skeleton's structure:
The axial skeleton, which consists of 80 bones including the cranium, vertebra tum, and ribs, is the
most important section of the human skeleton. The appendicular consists of 126 bones, including
the arms and legs, pectoral gridle, and pelvic girdle.
, Cartilage
This form of connective tissue is solid and has a gel-like substance. Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage,
and fibro cartilage are the three primary cartilages found in the human body. The primary function
of cartilage is to provide as a template for the eventual development of the bony skeleton.
Ligament and tendon
Tendons are strong fibrous bands of connective tissue that connect muscle to bone and draw the
muscle to the bone. They are almost inelastic, and it is the contraction of the muscle that causes
movement of a bone to a joint through the tendon.
Achilles tendon
connects the calf muscle with the foot's heel.
Ligament
They are bands of strong, fibrous connective tissue that hold ties together across joints and flex to
allow movement, and they attach bone to bone.
Fast and slow twitch fibres make up muscles helping them move.
Fast twitch fibres Slow twitch fibres
Have few mitochondria Have many mitochondria
Anaerobic respiration is conducted. Aerobic respiration is conducted
the contraction is a short duration The contraction length is long
Fatigue arrives quickly It takes longer to feel fatigue
Low blood supply High blood supply
Joints
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