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Musculoskeletal assignmentThe skeleton is alive and is continuously replaced throughout life. Bone mass peaks at the age of 20–30, after which
it goes downhill. However, with a bone-friendly lifestyle, you can positively influence the condition of the bones
regardless of age.
The human skeleton consists of 206 bones, which can be divided into three types:
1. The flat bones, including the ribs, shoulder blades and skull. These bones protect the lungs, heart and brain,
among other things.
2. Tube bones such as arms, legs, toes, and fingers.
3. The irregular bones – including spine and wrist. Each of them has several functions that are important for our
body. The spine protects, for example, the spinal cord, which is an important part of the central nervous system.
The function of the skeleton and bones is to be a stand for the human being. The bones of the skeleton provide
stability and rigidity to the body. The skeleton has three primary tasks:
Support system for the rest of the body.
- Protection: The skeleton protects the important organs, such as the lungs, heart, brain and nervous system.
- Movement: The bones are attached at the joints, and therefore the skeleton is the starting point for
movements when the muscles contract.
- Deposition: The skeleton is a repository for the body's minerals, and the red blood cells are produced in the
large bones.
The bones stiffen the body, and in connection with sports and training, they are interesting because the bones are
levers for the muscles. The bones and joints are therefore the basis for movement.
The bones also consist of inorganic salts and minerals. The minerals are, for example, calcium, phosphate, and
hydroxyapatite. The minerals in the bones help to make the bone rigid so that it can maintain its shape. On the other
hand, the bone then also becomes brittle and brittle, so that it breaks more easily. With age, the bones tend to
become more brittle, and it also becomes more difficult to rebuild the bones, as the organic material takes up less
space in the bones.
The bone scaffold serves in part as a storage and supply area for these minerals. In the middle of some of the bones
there is a soft nucleus (red bone marrow) which produces blood cells.
One of the reasons why the bones look different is i.e., also that they are highly specialized to be attachment points
for the muscles. When you do activity, the shape of the bones is affected because tendons and muscles pull on them,
and therefore the bones adapt.
Joints
, Some bones, such as in the skull, are bound so closely together that there is no movement between them. By joint
we usually mean hinge-like structures between neighboring bones which allow movement in relation to each other,
e.g., the knee joint.
There are different types of joints in the body. Each of the vertebrae can only move slightly relative to the
neighboring vertebrae. Together, this still gives enough flexibility in the spine for us to bend our back quite a lot.
The finger joints are hinge joints because they allow movement largely only in one plane - that is, when you bend
and extend the fingers.
The shoulder joints and hip joints consist of a round joint head (ball joint) which moves in relation to a joint socket.
It provides great mobility in many directions.
Each joint is a complicated structure. It is bound together on the outside by fibrous bands, ligaments or ligaments.
On the inside of the ligaments there is a capsule, which consists of connective tissue that surrounds the joint. The
inside of the joint capsule is covered by a thin membrane, synovia, which constantly produces small amounts of
fluid that lubricates the joint.
Where the bone ends meet, the surface is covered with smooth cartilage.
Paget's disease:
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