Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare medical emergency associated with the use of antipsychotics and other antidopaminergic drugs. There is no specific test, and diagnosis is based on high clinical suspicion and good differential diagnosis.
A clinical picture consistent with hyperthermia, mu...
Antipsychotic drugs
Dr. S. Parasuraman M.Pharm., Ph.D.,
Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Pharmacy,
AIMST University,
Bedong 08100, Malaysia.
, Antipsychotic drugs
• Antipsychotic drugs (also called neuroleptics or major
tranquilizers) are used primarily to treat schizophrenia (a
biologic illness), but they are also effective in other psychotic
states, including manic states with psychotic symptoms such as
grandiosity, paranoia, and hallucinations, and delusions.
• Antipsychotic drugs are not curative and do not eliminate
the chronic thought disorder, but they often decrease the
intensity of hallucinations and delusions and permit the
person with schizophrenia to function in a supportive
environment.
, History of antipsychotic drugs
• Antipsychotic drugs have been used in Western medicine
for more than 50 years.
• Chlorpromazine (1952) and Reserpine were the first drugs
found to be useful in schizophrenia.
• Tricyclic and MOA inhibitor antidepressant in 1957-58.
• Major novel antipsychotics are selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitor and it has been introduced in 1980s.
• Little attention was paid to Cade's report in 1949 that
Lithium could be used for excitement and mania: its
effective use started in the 1960s and now it has a unique
place in psychiatry.
, Psychoses
• Psychoses: These are severe psychiatric illness with serious
distortion of thought, behaviour, capacity to recognise reality
and of perception (delusions and hallucinations). There is
inexplicable misperception and misevaluation; the patient is
unable to meet the ordinary demands of life .
• Types:
– Acute and chronic organic brain syndromes (cognitive disorders)
– Functional disorders
• Schizophrenia
• Paranoid states
– Mood (affective) disorders
• Mania
• Depression
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