Anatomie en fysiologie, met MyLab NL toegangscode 6e editie
Samenvatting van alle lessen + lesnotities + theorie uit het boek anatomie en fysiologie (8ste editie). Met deze samenvatting had ik een resultaat van 15/20 in eerste zit.
Hoofdstuk 2.1: het hart .................................................................................................................................... 7
Anatomie van het hart ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Anatomie van het hart: uitwendig................................................................................................................. 7
Loopbaan van het bloed: ............................................................................................................................... 8
Bloedtoevoer naar het hart ........................................................................................................................... 9
Samenstelling lichaamsvloeistoffen................................................................................................................ 10
Rust- en actiepotentiaal .................................................................................................................................. 10
Rust-potentiaal: ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Actie-potentiaal: .......................................................................................................................................... 11
De hartslag ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Contractiele cellen (= hartspierweefsel) ...................................................................................................... 12
Geleidingssysteem ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Het elektrocardiogram (ECG) .......................................................................................................................... 14
De hartcyclus .................................................................................................................................................... 14
Harttonen ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Hoofdstuk 2.2: hartvaten en bloedsomloop ................................................................................................... 16
Bouw van bloedvaten ...................................................................................................................................... 16
Histologie ..................................................................................................................................................... 16
Soorten arteriën .......................................................................................................................................... 17
Capillairen .................................................................................................................................................... 17
Soorten venen ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Bloedvaten van de kleine en grote bloedomloop ........................................................................................... 19
Kleine bloedsomloop ........................................................................................................................ 19
Grote bloedsomloop .................................................................................................................................... 19
Fysiologie van de bloedsomloop ..................................................................................................................... 20
Doorbloeding ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Perifere weerstand ...................................................................................................................................... 20
Bloeddruk in het bloedvatenstelsel ............................................................................................................. 20
Controle van de hartslag ............................................................................................................................. 21
Pathologie .................................................................................................................................................... 21
Het leverpoortadersysteem......................................................................................................................... 21
Hoofdstuk 3: Het lymfestelsel ........................................................................................................................ 22
Definities .......................................................................................................................................................... 22
1
, Bouw van het lymfestelsel............................................................................................................................... 22
Onderdelen .................................................................................................................................................. 22
Functies ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Lymfevaten .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Cellen in het lymfatisch systeem ..................................................................................................................... 24
T-cellen ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
B-cellen ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
NK-cellen...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Lymfopoëse (productie lymfocyten) ................................................................................................................ 25
Lymfefollikels ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Functie lymfefollikels ................................................................................................................................... 25
Amandelen .................................................................................................................................................. 26
Platen van Peyer .......................................................................................................................................... 26
Lymfoïde organen ............................................................................................................................................ 26
Lymfeknopen ............................................................................................................................................... 26
Thymus ........................................................................................................................................................ 27
Milt .............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Pathologie van het lymfestelsel ...................................................................................................................... 28
Hoofdstuk 4: het excretiestelsel ..................................................................................................................... 29
Het urinair stelsel ............................................................................................................................................. 29
De nieren .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
Anatomie van de nieren .............................................................................................................................. 29
Bloedtoevoer naar de nieren ....................................................................................................................... 30
Bloedtoevoer in de nefron .......................................................................................................................... 31
Fysiologie van de nieren .................................................................................................................................. 31
Processen bij vorming van urine.................................................................................................................. 32
Urineproductie ................................................................................................................................................. 32
Het nierlichaampje ...................................................................................................................................... 32
PTC (proximale tubulus contortus) .............................................................................................................. 32
De lis van Henle ........................................................................................................................................... 33
DTC (distale tubulus concortus)................................................................................................................... 33
Verzamelbuizen ........................................................................................................................................... 33
Algemene kenmerken normale urine .......................................................................................................... 34
Transport van urine ......................................................................................................................................... 34
Ureters ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Opslag van urine .............................................................................................................................................. 34
Urineblaas .................................................................................................................................................... 34
Hoofdstuk 6: het hormoonstelsel ................................................................................................................... 44
Structuur en werking van hormonen .............................................................................................................. 44
Structuur ...................................................................................................................................................... 44
Werking ....................................................................................................................................................... 44
Soorten receptoren ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Afgifte en transport van hormonen ................................................................................................................ 45
Regulering van hormoonafgifte ................................................................................................................... 45
De hypofyse...................................................................................................................................................... 47
De hypofysevoorkwab ................................................................................................................................. 48
De hypofyseachterkwab .............................................................................................................................. 49
De schildklier .................................................................................................................................................... 50
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
Hormonen van de schildklier ....................................................................................................................... 50
Struma ......................................................................................................................................................... 51
De bijschildklier ................................................................................................................................................ 51
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
Hormonen van de bijschildklier ................................................................................................................... 51
De bijnieren ...................................................................................................................................................... 52
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................................... 52
Hormonen van de bijnieren ......................................................................................................................... 52
De pijnappelklier .............................................................................................................................................. 53
De endocriene pancreas .................................................................................................................................. 53
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
Pathologie van het hormoonstelsel ................................................................................................................ 54
Hyperthyreoïdie ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Hypothyreoïdie ............................................................................................................................................ 54
Bijnierpathologie ......................................................................................................................................... 55
Hoofdstuk 7: het spijsverteringsstelsel ........................................................................................................... 56
Histologie van het spijsverteringsstelsel ......................................................................................................... 56
Mucosa ........................................................................................................................................................ 56
Submucosa .................................................................................................................................................. 57
Muscularis externa ...................................................................................................................................... 57
Serosa .......................................................................................................................................................... 57
Verplaatsing van de spijsbrij ........................................................................................................................... 57
Slikken.......................................................................................................................................................... 57
3
, Peristaltiek en segmentatie ......................................................................................................................... 58
De mondholte .................................................................................................................................................. 58
De mond ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
De tong ........................................................................................................................................................ 59
De speekselklieren ....................................................................................................................................... 59
De tanden .................................................................................................................................................... 59
De keelholte en slokdarm ................................................................................................................................ 60
De keelholte................................................................................................................................................. 60
De slokdarm ................................................................................................................................................. 60
De maag ........................................................................................................................................................... 61
Samenstelling maagsap ............................................................................................................................... 61
Anatomie van de maag ................................................................................................................................ 61
Histologie van de maagwand....................................................................................................................... 62
Overgang van slokdarm naar maag ............................................................................................................. 63
Maagsap ...................................................................................................................................................... 63
Vertering in de maag ................................................................................................................................... 64
De dunne darm ................................................................................................................................................ 64
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................................... 64
De darmwand .............................................................................................................................................. 64
Rol dunne darm ........................................................................................................................................... 65
De pancreas ..................................................................................................................................................... 66
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................................... 66
Histologie ..................................................................................................................................................... 67
De lever ............................................................................................................................................................ 67
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................................... 67
De dikke darm .................................................................................................................................................. 69
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................................... 69
De blinde darm (cecum) .............................................................................................................................. 69
De karteldarm (colon).................................................................................................................................. 69
De endeldarm (rectum) ............................................................................................................................... 70
Functie dikke darm ...................................................................................................................................... 70
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