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Samenvatting Scheikunde NOVA vwo 6 H11 Materialen

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Samenvatting Scheikunde NOVA vwo 6 H11 Materialen

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  • November 30, 2022
  • 4
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • 6
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Hoofdstuk 11 materialen
Paragraaf 1; eigenschappen van materialen
Macroniveau: waarneembare en meetbare kenmerken/eigenschappen
- Hardheid, kleur, treksterkte
Microniveau: kenmerken/eigenschappen op deeltjesniveau
- Atomen, ionen, moleculen
Mesoniveau: manier waarop deeltjes (uit microniveau) geordend zijn tot grotere structuren
- Polymeren; vezels
- Metalen; kristalstructuren
Hoofdgroepen materialen;
- Metalen
- Keramiek
- Macromoleculaire materialen
- Composieten
Mechanische eigenschappen zijn vaak het belangrijkst
↪ treksterkte (binas 10B), hardheid, buigbaarheid, flexibiliteit, dichtheid
Binas 66E t/m 67B belangrijk
Polymeren: macromoleculen: monomeren
Monomeren worden aan elkaar gekoppeld dmv polymerisatie
Amorf = vormloos
Kristallijn: polymeerketens liggen parallel langs elkaar
Weekmaker verlaagd de hardheid van een thermoplast
Thermoharder: lineaire macromoleculen (smelt)
Thermoplast: netwerkstructuur (wordt hard bij verhitting)
Elastomeer: netwerkstructuur met minder dwarsverbindingen dan thermoplast


Paragraaf 2; metalen en keramiek
Legering; mengsel van metalen
Verschil in atoomstraal (microniveau) zorgt ervoor dat een legering harder kan zijn dan de
afzonderlijke materialen (macroniveau) omdat de deeltjes moeilijker langs elkaar schuiven
Bros materiaal breekt als er kracht op wordt uitgeoefend
Iongene keramiek; ionroosters (met iongene bindingen tussen de ionen)
Covalente keramiek; atoomrooster (met covalente bindingen)
Binas 67D


Les 1: inleiding op polymeren
Polymeren

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