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urology summary
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Exam of 12 pages for the course medicine at No School (urology summary)
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UROLOGYSUMMARY OF
INDEX
URINARY STONES
HYPER-NEPHROMA
WILM’ S TUMOR
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA
CANCER PROSTATE
CARCINOMA OF UB
RENAL TRAUMATOLOGY
CONG. POLY CYSTIC KIDNEY
MISCELLANEOUS if you found it useful
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, ETIOLOGY Types
· All stones are RO except PURE UA (Radio-lucent)
METABOLIC STASIS INFECTION · All stones are in ACIDIC urine except PH. (alk. urine)
· All stones are HARD except PH. (friable dt infection)
(2RY STONE) · All stones are LAMINATED except PH. (amorphous)
1) Hyper-calcuria.
· Prolonged recumb. · Disturbed cryst. / colloid ratio
2) Oxaluria. · All stones are SMOOTH except OXALATE (spiky)
· Stricture. · Ulceration of mucosa ® dark brown in color dt bl. pigment
3) Uricosuria
(Tumor lysis $ - Gout) ® nidus ® Stone formation. ® early symptoms "hematuria" ® small stones.
NB: TRIPLE PH. STONE = ammonium, Mg. Ca salts.
enlarges rapidly filling the renal calyx. "STAG-HORN STONE"
Invest. Complications
"CLASSICAL" "OMUMI"
1) URINE A. ® Pus, RBCs, Crystals, C&S. 1) Obstruction ® back pressure
· Hydrourter - Hydronephrosis.
2) KFTS. · Calculus anuria.
3) PXR ® 90% of urinary stones are RO. · Acute Retention in stone urethra.
4) US ® · Radio-lucent stones. (10%) 2) Migration ® recurrent attacks of ureteric colic.
in kidney, UB & upper ureter. 3) Ulceration ® haematuria.
· Hydro-nephrosis. 4) Metaplasia ® SCC on top of leukoplakia.
5) IVP ® as US + asses Kidney function. 1
5) Infection ® pyelo-nephritis, pyonephrosis & Cystitis.
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