PA (ASCP) Certification Exam| 306 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Hypertrophy Correct Answer: Increased cell and organ size, often in response to increased workload: induced by mechanical stress and by growth factors; occurs in tissue incapable of cell division Hyperplasia Correct Answer: Increased cell numbers in response to hormones and other growth factors; occurs in tissues whose cells are able to divide Atrophy Correct Answer: Decreased cell and organ size, as a result of decreased nutrient supply or disuse: associated with decreased synthesis and increased proteolytic breakdown of cellular organelles Metaplasia Correct Answer: Change in phenotype of differentiated cells, often a response to chronic irritation that makes cells better able to withstand the stress Hypoxia Correct Answer: Oxygen deficiency which interferes with aerobic oxidative respirations and is an extremely important and common cause of cell injury and death Ischemic Correct Answer: Loss of blood supply in a tissue due to impeded arterial flow or reduced venous drainage Coagulative necrosis Correct Answer: A form of tissue necrosis in which the component cells are dead but the basic tissue architecture is preserved for at least several days Liquefactive necrosis Correct Answer: A form of necrosis seen in focal bacterial or occasionally fungal infections because microbes stimulate the accumulation of inflammatory cells and the enzymes of leukocytes digest the tissue Caseous necrosis Correct Answer: A form of necrosis encountered most often in foci of tuberculous infections Fat necrosis Correct Answer: Term referring to focal areas of fat destruction, typically resulting from release of activated pancreatic lipases into the peritoneal cavity Fibrinous necrosis Correct Answer: A special form of necrosis usually seen in immune reactions involving blood vessels Autophagy Correct Answer: Lysosomal digestion of the cell's own components Apoptosis Correct Answer: A pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly regulated suicide program in which the cells destined to die activate enzymes capable of degrading the cells own nuclear DNA