Summary Celbiologie and Immunologie Deeltentamen 2
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Course
Celbiologie en immunologie (AB_1132)
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
Book
Immune System
With this summary, I was able to get an 8!
The summary contains a complete overview of all course material for subexam 2 (2022) in the course 'cell biology and immunology' when studying health and life.
All lecture slides are covered herein, with additional information from the book where n...
- Tentamens zijn meerkeuze vragen
- DT1 en DT2 gelden samen voor 80% van cijfer (het gemiddelde hiervan moet samen een 5.5
zijn, een herexamen is 1 toets van alle leerstof)
- Cmap opdracht is 20%
- DT2: 02-12
- DT3: 23-12
- Beide toetsen geheel in het Engels
Leerstof
IMM5
Hst 4: 4.1 t/m 4.6; samenvatting op blz. 106; 4.7, tm 4.11; samenvatting op blz. 114
IMM7 (vervolg info op voorgaande stof)
Hst 4 (4.12 t/m 4.15; samenvatting op blz. 123)
Hst 6 (6.14;)
Hst 9 (9.7 t/m 9.17 samenvatting blz, 258)
,Kleine recap deeltentamen 1
Your body has 3 lines of defense:
1. physical barriers
2. innate immune system
3. adaptive immune system
Different types of pathogens require different defense mechanisms. When the entire cell is
affected because a virus is replicating using our cells, the entire cell must be killed. In the case of
phagocytosis of an extracellular pathogen, this is not needed.
Macrophages, dendritic cells, and other innate immune cells can present an antigen on their cell
surface using MHC molecules. This is how they activate T-helper cells, which can activate cytotoxic T
cells and B-cells. B-cells can then also turn into plasma cells and produce antibodies.
Vaccines helps us build memory in our immune system for certain pathogens, without getting us
sick. They induce the production of neutralizing antibodies that prevent infection.
,The adaptive immunity depends on lymphoid organs:
Primary lymphoid organs: Production of naïve lymphocytes. Takes place in:
- Bone marrow: B cells
- Thymus: T cells
Secondary lymphoid organs: Filter of lymph fluid/cells that drains from tissues. Activation of
lymphocytes takes place here. Some examples:
Lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer’s patches
B-cells T-cells
Generated in Bone Marrow Generated in Thymus
Recognize intact antigens Recognize processed antigen only on APC
Humoral response: antigens + memory Cellular response: helper and cytotoxic T-cells +
memory
Can phagocytose Cannot phagocytose
Recognition and effector molecules are Recognition and effector molecules are
identical (B-cell receptor and antibody) different (T-cell receptor and cytokines etc.)
B-cell and T-cell receptors are very specific receptors of the adaptive immune system: every cell has
an unique receptor consisting of variable and constant regions.
Immunoglobulins can be secreted or stuck in the membrane:
- secreted form: antigen
- membrane form: B-cell receptor
B-cells recognize intact antigen, T-cells recognize only processed antigen that is presented on MHC
molecules on cells.
- CD4+ T-helper cells recognize epitope on MHC2
- CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells recognize epitope on MHC1
Neutralization and opsonization are the two
most important effector mechanisms of
antibodies.
, CH4: Antibody Structure and the generation of B-cell diversity
IMM5 Hst 4: 4.1 t/m 4.6; samenvatting op blz. 106; 4.7, tm 4.11; samenvatting op blz. 114
In an adaptive immune response, the body is cleared from extracellular pathogens and their toxins
using antibodies, which come from plasma cells. It is the secreted form of the B-cell’s receptor for
antigens. As antibodies are the best source of immunity, vaccines mostly induce antibody
production.
Binding of antibody to a bacterium or a virus particle can disable the pathogen and render other
components of the immune system to destruct the pathogen.
The process of clonal selection
1. Mature B cells collectively produce immunoglobulins of many different specificities. (1 B-cell
produces antibody of 1 specificity.)
2. Before it encounters antigen, a resting mature B cell only expresses immunoglobulin in the
membrane-bound form, which serves as the cell’s receptor for antigen.
3. When antigen binds to this receptor, the B cell is stimulated to proliferate and to differentiate into
plasma cells.
4. Plasma cells secrete large amounts of antibody that has the same specificity as that of the
membrane-bound immunoglobulin.
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