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Chapter 1 ESS summary
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A brief summary of all chapter 1. It has the key ideas to what you need to know.
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1.1- Inputs: culture, education, science, media etc…
- Processes: assimilation of knowledge, thinking and evaluating
- Outputs: decisions and viewpoints
- Environmental movement: promotes the concept of protection and control, through the sustainable
management of resources
- Preservationists: environmentalists focused on preservation.
- Intrinsic value: idea that something can be of value in and of itself and not because it is of any use to
humanity
- Conservationists: conserving the environment for the value of the goods and services it could provide.
- First nature protection law in the uk in 1969 - the sea birds preservation act
- Industrial revolution (1760-1820) - has a lot of impact on air and water pollution
- 20th century environmental awareness increased
- Examples of legislations on some major pollutants that governing bodies established
- Montreal protocol which was adopted to control ozone depleting substances (ODS’s)
- Kyoto protocol which controls CO2 emissions
- The treaty on persistent organic pollutants (POP)
- CITIES. Convention on international trade in endangered species; protect wildlife
- Chernobyl catastrophe: nuclear accident in 1986
- An environmental value system is a set of paradigms that shoes the perception of environmental threats,
how they may impact the environment and whether or not that matters
- Ecocentrism - deep ecologists and 1/2 self reliance soft ecologists
- Proposes that there is an intrinsic value to natural resources and natural systems and that spiritual,
social and environmental dimensions are all interpreted.
- Humans are part of nature rather than in control of it
- Economy based on maintain acne of natural capital as there is limited resources and growth needs to be
controlled
- Anthropocentrism - 1/2 soft reliance soft ecologists and environmental managers
- Human centred worldview that believes nature is there not because it has intrinsic value, but because
we can use all of its natural resources for out benefit
- Technocentrism - cornucopias
- Absolute faith in technology and industry
- They do not see environmental issues as problems to be solved, but more as opportunities for science to
advance and industry to move forward and increase
- Emphasise the importance of market and economic growth
- Biosphere - the regions occupied by living organisms
1.2
- System: a set of interrelated parts and the connections between them that unites them to form a complex
whole and produces emergent properties
- In a system the interaction is what produces emergent properties
- Opened system: Exchanges both matter and energy with its surrounding (most natural and social systems)
- Closed: exchanges only matter with its surrounding (nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle… Earth)
- isolated: Exchanges neither matter nor energy with its surroundings (universe and that’s it)
- Energy: flows into and out of a system
- Matter: cycles around the system
- When drawing a diagram always draw STORES (boxes) and FLOWS (arrows)
- Transfer: move matter or energy from one place to an other without changing it
- Transformation: move energy and matter but in this process there is a change in state
- Model: simplified version of reality, makes it easy to understand and visualise what could happen in a
similar situation
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