History class notes in a PDF format, for GCSE students
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Course
History
Institution
GCSE
Each one of the provided documents gives clear details of the event of that specific topic. As someone who enjoyed history I take pride in the research I did, and the accuracy in the information I produce. All up to date information of the current topics.
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The Cold War And Superpower
Relations
Tehran Conference, November 1943
Meeting of Roosevelt (USA), Stalin (USSR) and Churchill (UK)
Agreements: Britain and USA would open up a second front by invading France in
1944, Soviet Union would declare war on Japan after Germany, a United Nations would
be set up, and an area of Poland would be given to the USSR.
Disagreement: Churchill wanted to invade through Greece instead of France in order
to stop the USSR taking over Eastern Europe.
Beginning of the Grand Alliance- with countries agreeing to wage war on the Axis
together.
Yalta Conference, February 1945:
Meeting of Roosevelt (USA), Stalin (USSR) and Churchill (UK)
Agreements: USSR confirmed they would attack Japan once Germany was defeated,
Germany and Berlin would be divided into four zones, to give countries free elections, to
join the UN, and that Eastern Europe would be in the Soviet sphere of influence.
Disagreements: How much reparations should be paid (Stalin wanted more). Stalin
agreed to elections in Poland, but didn’t want to.
Potsdam Conference, July 1945
Meeting of Truman (USA), Stalin (USSR) and Atlee (UK). Truman was more anti-
communist than Roosevelt.
Changes between conference: Stalin set up a communist Government in Poland and
had his army still in most of
Eastern Europe. On the 16th of July the USA tested the Atomic Bomb, Stalin was
scared and angry he hadn’t been told.
Agreements: Germany and Berlin were divided into four zones, Germany was to be
demilitarised, Germany was to have
free elections, Germany would pay reparations to the Allies with most to USSR, Nazi
Party was banned and war crime
The Cold War And Superpower Relations 1
, trials were set up for past Nazis.
Disagreements: Still disagreed over reparations, Stalin wanted Germany to be made
much weaker, Truman wanted a
strong Germany to protect against the USSR. They also disagreed over free elections,
and USSR began to expand into
Eastern Europe
Soviet Expansionism 1945-1947
Reasons why: Fear of being invaded by Germany again (like 1918 and 1941), Stalin
and Churchill had agreed to a percentages deal giving the USSR power in Eastern
Europe, Security against the west, and the USST had suffered the most casualties.
Poland: January 1947, elections were rigged and the Communists won.
Romania: March 1945 Soviet army marched in and set up Communist Government,
and in November 1946 elections were held with Communists winning.
Hungary: With Soviet help the Communists took over the Government and banned all
other parties in August 1947
Bulgaria: After being taken by the Soviets in 1944 a Communist Government was set
up and in November 1945 after rigged elections all other parties were banned.
Czechoslovakia: After a period of democracy, in 1948 with the USSR’s help all other
parties were banned and their leaders arrested.
CONSEQUENCES: Eastern Europe becomes Communist, Churchill makes the Iron
Curtain speech, Europe becomes further divided and USA begin policy of containment.
Iron Curtain Speech, March 1946
Churchill was angry at the way the USSR was expanding and made his speech in
Missouri USA
He said the USSR had been building an Iron Curtain across the European continent.
Telegrams 1946:
Novikov Telegram: was sent from Soviet Ambassador to USSR and said that the USA
were obsessed with World domination, it made Stalin more untrusting and paranoid.
Long Telegram: was sent from US ambassador Kennan to USA and said that the
Soviets would continue to expand, so the USA should try and contain them.
Truman Doctrine 1947
In reaction to containment, Truman makes speech promising to help countries at
threat of communism.
He gives 400 million to help Greece and Turkey defend against Communism
The Cold War And Superpower Relations 2
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