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Ziekten van bijen

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Dit document omvat alle lessen van "ziekten van bijen", gegeven in 2e master Diergeneeskunde aan de UGent. Dit zijn mijn lesnotities, waardoor er hier en daar kleine spellingsfouten zijn. Deze notities zijn ook in bundel te vinden, samen met de ziekten van vogels en kleine zoogdieren.

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  • December 6, 2022
  • 45
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Kris baert
  • All classes

1  review

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By: Bilspier112 • 1 year ago

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By: tineh • 1 year ago

Translated by Google

I made it to 20/20 with this summary, you can do it too!

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ZIEKTE VAN BIJEN
INHOUD




Inhoud ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Inleiding tot de bijenteelt en de bijenziekten ......................................................................................................... 3



Overzicht ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Anatomie-Biologie ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Anatomie ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Biologie............................................................................................................................................................ 5



Bijvoeding-producten ................................................................................................................................... 7
DRACHTPLANTEN ........................................................................................................................................ 7
VOEDING EN PRODUCTEN ....................................................................................................................... 10



Situering imkerij ......................................................................................................................................... 11
Bijensteek ? ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Materiaal.................................................................................................................................................... 12
Bedrijfsmethoden....................................................................................................................................... 12
Management: ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Problemen met koningin ............................................................................................................................ 14




1

,Ziekten .................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Bacteriën .................................................................................................................................................... 16
1. Paenibacillus larvae ................................................................................................................................... 16
2. Europees vuilbroed: Melissococcus plutonius .......................................................................................... 18
VRAGEN bacteriën: ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Parasieten .................................................................................................................................................. 20
Varroa destructor: Varroosis belangrijk! ............................................................................................... 20
Parasieten .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Acarapis woodi: tracheamijt ......................................................................................................................... 34
Schimmels .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Nosema spp. (Microsporidia): eencellig - darmwand ................................................................................... 34
Kalkbroed: Acosphaera apis .......................................................................................................................... 35
Virussen ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
DWV = Deformed Wing Virus ........................................................................................................................ 36
Acute bee paralysis virus / Kashmir Bee Virus / Israeli Acute Bee Paralysis Virus ........................................ 36
Chronic bee paralysis virus !!!!! ............................................................................................................... 37
SBV: Sac Brood Virus ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Black queen cell virus .................................................................................................................................... 38
Virussen algemeen ........................................................................................................................................ 38
Poll................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Varia ........................................................................................................................................................... 39
Afgekoeld broed ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Wasmotten.................................................................................................................................................... 40
Wespen / Mieren / Muizen / Spechten......................................................................................................... 40
Bedreigingen .............................................................................................................................................. 41
Aziatische hoornaar ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Aethina tumida: kleine kastkever ................................................................................................................. 41
‘Nieuwe’ pathogenen ................................................................................................................................. 42
Pesticiden ................................................................................................................................................... 42
Colony collapse disorder (of verdwijnziekte) .............................................................................................. 44
Quotes........................................................................................................................................................ 45




2

,INLEIDING TOT DE BIJENTEELT EN DE BIJENZIEKTEN

OVERZICHT

• Inleiding => geen vragen op het examen !!
• Anatomie
• Biologie: bijensoorten, volksontwikkeling, zwermen
• Drachtplanten
• Voeding en producten
• Klinisch onderzoek van de bijenkast

• Actualiteit en informatiebronnen
• Situering in België
• Materiaal en bedrijfsmethoden
• Management

• Ziekten
• Pesticiden
• CCD (colony collaps disorder)



INLEIDING

Poll: Wie heeft zelf bijen / al in een bijenkast gekeken ?

Actualiteit: interesse voor bijen, uitvindingen honingteelt, CCP, aziatische hoornaar!

Verschil weten tussen:

• Honingbij - Solitaire bij
• Zweefvlieg
• Wesp - Hommel - Hoornaar

Vragen van imkers ?

• 1. Varroa = belangrijkste ziekte = parasiet die zorgt voor overbrenging virussen, zuigt bloed
• 2. Koningin problemen = managment vragen
• 3. Voeding = managment vragen




ANATOMIE-BIOLOGIE


ANATOMIE
Honingbij: In België wordt geimkerd met 3 “(onder)soorten”:

• m. carnica
• m. buckfast
• m. mellifera (nigra)



3

, Anatomie

Koningin belangrijke bij (1). Werkers en een aantal darren (100’n).

Darrenslacht: toeging kast voor darren ontzegd = verhongeren. De darren helpen in de winter namelijk niet met
het verwarmen van de kast.




In de winter gaan de bijen zich ophouden: ze defeceren niet in de kast in de winter. Het rectum kan daarom
enorm opzwellen.

Koningin zit vol met eieren: moet er elke dag leggen. De dar zit met grote testiktels.

Werkster zit 3d ei, 6d larve 12 pop. <=> Koningin zal sneller ontwikkelen omdat deze meer eten krijgt. De
trigger om een vrouwelijk eitje tot koningin te doen ontwikkelen is afhankelijk van de hoeveelheid eten dat dit
vrouwtje krijgt.

Onderscheid soorten broed: koninginencellen zien er anders uit.




4

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