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ANTH 201 Full Course Notes
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ANTH 201 Full Course Notes
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2022‐11‐2Final 100questions 2hours
CHAPTER 11
213 on thefinalpart 43 on part 112
THE ADVENT
OF HUMANITY
Archaic hominins and Neandertals
Upperplistocene Ineartheendofthelastice
“ARCHAIC ” HOMO SAPIENS
age
5 0 0 ka – 1 0 0 ka
Morefossils
“Archaic” an all encompassing term for
Homo species during this time
Migration out ofAfrica
r as pean
Includes:
Homo antecessor
ÉITY lotsof variation
Homo heidlebergensis
Homo neandertalensis
Geographically widespread
Regional diversity
Mosaic of H. erectus and modern H.
sapiens
Combo of local adaptations + gene f low =
one species or several?
HOMO HEIDELBERGENSIS lot'sofdifferentfamilytrees
Refers broadly to very early archaic H. sapiens, Neanderthals werealwaysseen as a uniquespecies
600‐400 ka
havebeenableto
basedonbehaviourandlocationMay
interbreed
, 2022‐11‐2
NEANDERTALS Namefrom a GermanvalleyOriginallyfound in
Europe & Middle East
EuropeLivedduringtheice
age
Boo
Diverged soorya
3‐400 k?
Became isolated in ice age Europe
Morphologically anextrememandrathale
Earliest reports and
reconstructions over emphasized
their “brutishness”
Morphologically extreme group in
W. Europe known as “Classic
Neandertals”
Discovered inNeandervalleyin1856 Germany
Namedin1864
Mayhavebeenfoundearlieraround1820theythought
it was a primativehumanthatsufferedfromdiseases
How we view themhaschangedover time
Important
NEANDERTAL CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY Occipitalbun slargepertrusionatthe
back
giggling capacity
Large skull & cranial
largespacebetweenmolarandmandable Retromolargap
Low vault; low, sloping
forehead
Occipital bun smallnochinmaybeduetosexual dimorphism
Mid‐facial prognathism
Large nasal cavity
Large, rounded orbits Wereusingfrontincisorsforgrippingandtearingmeat
Prominent arched brow
ment ridges
No distinct chin leadingto a heavilymeat focuseddiet
Large incisors, small
molars;
Taurodontism
thentheroot unknownfunctions
lived in verysmallgroupsandfollowed biggame
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