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Geschiedenis van Rusland - volledige lesnotities
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Lesnotities van het vak "geschiedenis van Rusland" uit 2021/2022. Is volledig
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2021-2022
Geschiedenis van
Rusland
NOTITIES
,HS 1 : Rusland en de Russen........................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Namen van het rijk.........................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Multi-etnische staat.......................................................................................................................................8
1.3 Etnische en staatsidentiteit............................................................................................................................8
1.4 Geografische ruimte.......................................................................................................................................9
1.5 Conclusie.......................................................................................................................................................10
HS2: De vroegste tijden................................................................................................................................ 11
2.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................11
2.2 Nomadische fase: migraties.........................................................................................................................12
2.3 De vroegste tijden........................................................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Het slavische oervaderland: situering..................................................................................................12
2.3.2 Stepperijken..........................................................................................................................................13
a. Kimmeriërs, Scythen, Sarmaten............................................................................................................13
b. Slaven....................................................................................................................................................14
c. Goten – Hunnen....................................................................................................................................14
d. Avaren...................................................................................................................................................14
e. Bulgaren (=/ bulgaren uit bulgarijen)....................................................................................................14
f. Chazaren................................................................................................................................................14
2.6 De naam van de Slaven................................................................................................................................15
2.7 Economische en sociale organisatie.............................................................................................................15
2.8 Godsdienst van de Slaven.............................................................................................................................16
2.9 Conclusie.......................................................................................................................................................16
HS3: Kiev-Roes (9e eeuw – 12e eeuw)............................................................................................................ 17
3.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................17
3.2 Russische theorie..........................................................................................................................................18
3.3 Lezing van Detrez:........................................................................................................................................19
3.4 Dynastieke geschiedenis..............................................................................................................................19
3.5 Territoriale expansie en consolidatie...........................................................................................................20
3.6 Internationale relaties..................................................................................................................................21
3.7 Kerstening....................................................................................................................................................21
3.8 Interne organisatie.......................................................................................................................................22
3.8.1 Wetgeving.............................................................................................................................................22
3.8.2 Politieke organisatie.............................................................................................................................22
3.8.3 Sociaal-economische structuur............................................................................................................22
HS4: De Russische vorstendommen (begin 12e E – eind 13e E).......................................................................25
4.1 Interne oorzaken..........................................................................................................................................25
4.1.1 Vladimir Soezdal...................................................................................................................................25
4.1.2 Galicië-Wolhynië...................................................................................................................................26
4.1.3 Novgorod..............................................................................................................................................26
4.2 Externe factoren...........................................................................................................................................26
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, 4.2.1 Steppevolken........................................................................................................................................26
4.2.2 Mongoolse horde.................................................................................................................................27
4.2.3 Gouden Horde = chanaat van Kipchak.................................................................................................27
4.2.4 Het Balticum.........................................................................................................................................28
4.7 Conclusie.......................................................................................................................................................28
HS5: De opkomst en consolidatie van Moskovië (eind 13 e – midden 16e )......................................................30
5.1 Perioden Moskovië.......................................................................................................................................30
5.2 Mongools bestuur........................................................................................................................................30
5.2.1 Administratie........................................................................................................................................30
5.2.2 Economisch beleid................................................................................................................................30
5.2.3 Vazalliteit..............................................................................................................................................31
5.2.4 Sociale ontwikkelingen Rusland staat niet stil!...................................................................................31
5.2.5 Kerk.......................................................................................................................................................31
5.2.6 Regionale verschillen............................................................................................................................32
5.2.7 Balans....................................................................................................................................................32
5.3 Verzameling ‘Russische landen’...................................................................................................................32
5.3.1 Definitie en stichting van Moskou........................................................................................................32
5.3.2 Dynastiek overzicht...............................................................................................................................32
5.3.3 Oorzaken groei Moskovië.....................................................................................................................33
5.3.4 (re)integratie vorstendommen.............................................................................................................33
5.3.5 Externe politiek.....................................................................................................................................34
a. Oosten: einde Mongoolse heerschappij...............................................................................................34
b. Westen: krachtmeting met Polen-Litouwen........................................................................................34
c. Relaties met West-Europa.....................................................................................................................35
5.3.6 Interne politiek.....................................................................................................................................35
a. Sociale en economische verhoudingen................................................................................................35
b. Politieke instellingen.............................................................................................................................36
c. Kerk........................................................................................................................................................36
5.4 Uitbouw ideologie........................................................................................................................................37
5.5 Besluit...........................................................................................................................................................37
HS 6:Uitbouw absolute monarchie en imperium onder Ivan IV de Verschrikkelijke.......................................39
6.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................40
6.2 Externe politiek.............................................................................................................................................40
6.2.1 Mongolen..............................................................................................................................................40
6.2.2 Lijflandse oorlog (niet super belangrijk)...............................................................................................41
6.2.3 De verovering van Siberië.....................................................................................................................42
6.2.4 Conclusie...............................................................................................................................................42
6.3 Interne politiek.............................................................................................................................................42
6.3.1 Toestand...............................................................................................................................................42
6.3.2 Hervormingen.......................................................................................................................................43
6.3.3 Evaluatie...............................................................................................................................................44
HS7: De troebele tijden (eind 16e-begin 17e ).................................................................................................46
7.1 Tijd der troebelen.........................................................................................................................................46
7.2 Dynastieke aspecten....................................................................................................................................46
7.2.1 Regering van Fjodor I............................................................................................................................46
7.2.2 Boris Godoenov (1598-1605)................................................................................................................47
7.2.3 Valse Dmitri...........................................................................................................................................47
7.2.4 Vasili Sjoejski (1606-1610)....................................................................................................................47
2
, 7.3 De Raad van Zeven (1610-1613)..................................................................................................................48
7.4 Verkiezing Michail Romanov........................................................................................................................48
7.5 Besluit...........................................................................................................................................................48
HS 8: De vroegste Romanovs (begin 16e- eind 17e)........................................................................................49
8.1 Dynastiek overzicht......................................................................................................................................50
8.2 Buitenlandse politiek:...................................................................................................................................50
8.2.1 Relaties met Polen-Litouwen................................................................................................................50
8.2.2 Krim Kanaat en Centraal-Azië...............................................................................................................50
8.2.3 Siberië...................................................................................................................................................51
8.3 Interne ontwikkelingen................................................................................................................................51
8.3.1 De tsaar.................................................................................................................................................52
8.3.2 De Adel..................................................................................................................................................52
8.3.3 Bestuurinstellingen...............................................................................................................................53
8.3.4 Religieuze problemen...........................................................................................................................53
HS9: De Oekraïne en Belarus in de Pools-Litouwse Unie NK..........................................................................55
HS10: Peter de Grote 1672-1725.................................................................................................................. 56
10.1 Voorgeschiedenis.......................................................................................................................................56
10.2 Buitenlandse politiek: Peters oorlogen......................................................................................................57
10.2.1 De Grote Noordse Oorlog...................................................................................................................57
10.2.2 Oorlog met het Ottomaanse Rijk en Zweden.....................................................................................58
10.2.3 Siberië.................................................................................................................................................59
10.2.4 Evaluatie buitenlandse politiek..........................................................................................................59
10.3 Binnenlandse politiek: Het Russische Keizerrijk.........................................................................................59
10.3.1 Hervormingen.....................................................................................................................................59
a. Militaire hervormingen.........................................................................................................................59
b. Economische vernieuwingen................................................................................................................60
c. Hervormingen van het landeigendom..................................................................................................60
d. Onderwijshervormingen.......................................................................................................................61
e. Nieuwe politieke instellingen................................................................................................................61
f. De Allerheiligste Synode........................................................................................................................61
10.3.2 Verzet..................................................................................................................................................62
10.4 Evalutie.......................................................................................................................................................63
HS11: De Gouden eeuw van de adel............................................................................................................. 64
1. Dynastieke geschiedenis & vreemdelingenheerschappij...............................................................................64
1.1 Overzicht..................................................................................................................................................64
1.2 Vreemdelingen........................................................................................................................................65
2. Interne ontwikkelingen...................................................................................................................................65
2.1 Catharina de Grote..................................................................................................................................66
2.2 De Wetgevende Commissie.....................................................................................................................66
2.3 Charters en statuten................................................................................................................................66
2.4 Kerk en religie..........................................................................................................................................67
3. Buitenlandse politiek......................................................................................................................................67
3.1 Oorlogen tegen het Ottomaanse Rijk......................................................................................................67
3.2 De Poolse Delingen..................................................................................................................................68
3.3 Oekraïne...................................................................................................................................................68
3.4 Siberië......................................................................................................................................................69
3.5 Centraal-Azië............................................................................................................................................69
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