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Samenvatting anorganische chemie, hoofdstuk 2
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Dit is de samenvatting van anorganische chemie hoofdstuk 2.
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DE CHEMISCHE BINDING Streven naar octetconfiguratie/edelgasconfiguratie OF heliumstructuut
Ionen:
OH- : hydroxide-ion CO32-: carbonaation
NO2-: nitriet-ion SO32-: sulfiet-ion
NO3-: nitraat-ion SO42-: sulfaat-ion
CN-: cyanide-ion PO43-: fosfaat-ion
HSO4-: waterstofsulfaat-ion NH4+: ammonium-ion
HSO3-: waterstofsulfiet-ion
1. Ionbinding-Ionverbinding
Metaal + niet-metaal
Overdracht van elektronen
Vorming ionen
Elektrostatische aantrekking
2. Covalente binding
Niet-metaal + niet-metaal
In gemeenschap stellen van elektronen
Elektronen in paren verdeeld over orbitalen
2 soorten
o Gewone covalente binding
Beide atomen stellen 1 elektron gemeenschappelijk
o Datief covalente binding
1 atoom stelt een volledig elektronenpaar gemeenschappelijk
Formele lading: groep van de atoom – aantal elektronen rond het atoom
Polariteit:
o Apolair: ENW=0 geen verschuivingen
o Polair: < 1,7 hoe groter ENW, hoe groter de verschuiving, hoe meer polair
Oxidatiegetal: lading van atoom: groepsnummer – aantal elektronen in de buurt van het
atoom romeins cijfer
3. Metaalbinding
Metaal + metaal
In gemeenschap stellen van elektronen
Elektronen bewegen vrij in het metaalrooster
ENW = elektronegatieve waarde
Hoe groter de ENW van een atoom, hoe meer dat atoom aan elektronen trekt
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