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Lecture 2 Nutritional Physiology
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Lecture 2 Nutritional Physiology - Cephalic and gastric phases, gut hormones, practice exam questions, gastric motor response
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NP02 – Cephalic- gastric phaseAnticipation to a meal: Cephalic/ oral / gastric phase
Cephalic Phase = anticipation of a meal
When you’re not yet in contact with food (you smell it, you hear it, you see it) à body already prepares
Anticipation of a meal, visual, olfactory and auditory senses activate several gastrointestinal organs: eye,
brain, ear, nose à sublingual gland, submaxillary g., parotid g., stomach, gall bladder, pancreas and bile duct
Vagus effects gastrointestinal responses during the cephalic phase
DVC is initiated (mediates several responses in the body): these neurons projects in the stomach: they cause
relaxation of the stomach muscles, so it’s able to receive food + gastric acid is released as well as intrinsic factor
(by parietal cells) and pepsinogen + contraction of duct of the gall bladder à content of gall bladder released
Stimuli à neurones in the brain (vagus) à stomach, liver & gallbladder
à gastric acid secretion: prepares stomach for digestion: occurs in 3 phases: cephalic, gastric and intestinal
à salivary secretion
à pancreatic enzyme secretion (via relaxation of pancreas)
à gallbladder contraction to release content
à relaxation sphincter of Oddi: is open to allow the flow to the small intestine
Taste can be discussed, because there is direct contact with food (so it’s more the oral phase)
Effector responses during the cephalic and oral phases are mediated by the
parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Sphincter of Oddi =
muscular valve that in
some animals, including
humans, controls the flow
of digestive juices (bile
and pancreatic juice)
through the ampulla of
Vater into the second part
of the duodenum
= you prepare your body to receive the food and start digestion
1. Cephalic phase gastric acid secretory responses are meal dependent
Sham feeding = get the meal in your mouth but you don’t swallow it, you spit it
• Self-selected meal à tasty meal à more acid output (body more prepared for digestion)
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