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Samenvatting Hersenen en Gedrag (7082S241DY_B3) Volledig

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Samenvatting Hersenen en Gedrag (7082S241DY_B3) Volledig Je krijgt een volledige samenvatting waarmee je je tentamen sowieso kan halen.

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  • December 8, 2022
  • 97
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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Hersenen en gedrag
Inhoud
Deel 1: Cellen en informatieoverdracht ............................................................................. 4
Hoorcollege 1 ...................................................................................................................... 4
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Hersencellen .............................................................................................................. 4
1.1.1. Neuron(=zenuwcel) .............................................................................................. 5
1.1.2. Gliacellen (=steuncel) ........................................................................................ 5
1.2 Het brein en zijn omgeving ....................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Zintuigelijke input & motorische output ............................................................ 6
1.2.2 Bloed-hersenbarrière .......................................................................................... 7
Hoorcollege 2 ...................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 In de cel ...................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.1 Communicatie: Elektrische prikkels .................................................................. 8
1.4 Tussen cellen ........................................................................................................... 12
1.4.1 Communicatie: Chemische processen ............................................................ 12
Hoorcollege 3 .................................................................................................................... 16
Herhaling........................................................................................................................ 16
1.5 Beïnvloeden communicatie tussen cellen ............................................................. 18
1.5.1 Stoffen ............................................................................................................... 18
1.5.2 Verslavende stoffen .......................................................................................... 19
1.5.3 Drugs: ................................................................................................................ 20
1.5.4 Werking van verslaving .................................................................................... 23
1.6 Gevoeligheid voor verslaving ............................................................................. 24
1.5.4 Medicijnen ......................................................................................................... 25
Deel 2: Structuur en functie ............................................................................................. 26
Hoorcollege 4 .................................................................................................................... 26
2.1 Anatomie .................................................................................................................. 26
Inleiding ...................................................................................................................... 26
2.1.1 Anatomische begrippen ................................................................................... 27
2.1.2 Hersenvliezen .................................................................................................... 30
2.1.3 Ventrikels ........................................................................................................... 32
2.1.4 Ruggenmerg ...................................................................................................... 33
2.1.5 Craniale zenuwen .............................................................................................. 33
2.1.6 Indelingen .......................................................................................................... 35
Hoorcollege 5 .................................................................................................................... 40
2.2 Zintuigen en motoriek ............................................................................................. 40
2.2.1 Zintuigen ............................................................................................................ 40
2.2.2 Motoriek ............................................................................................................. 49
Hoorcollege 6 .................................................................................................................... 51
2.3 Emoties .................................................................................................................... 51
2.3.1 Limbische systeem.............................................................................................. 51
2.3.2 Interactief ............................................................................................................ 52
2.3.3 Angst en amygdala ............................................................................................. 52
2.3.3 Cortex ................................................................................................................. 54
2.4 Geheugen ................................................................................................................. 54
2.4.1 Soorten geheugen............................................................................................... 54
2.4.2 Subcorticaal ........................................................................................................ 55


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, 2.4.3 Corticaal .............................................................................................................. 56
2.5 Taal ........................................................................................................................... 56
2.5.1 Perceptie en productie ........................................................................................ 56
2.5.2 Wernicke-Geswind model ................................................................................... 57
2.6 Aandacht .................................................................................................................. 58
2.6.1 Soorten aandacht ................................................................................................ 58
2.6.2 Aandachttaken .................................................................................................... 58
2.6.3 hersenfunctie ...................................................................................................... 59
2.7 Lateralisatie ............................................................................................................. 60
Deel 3: Ontwikkeling van de hersenen ............................................................................ 61
Hoorcollege 8 .................................................................................................................... 61
Inleiding: ........................................................................................................................ 61
3.1 CZS ........................................................................................................................... 61
3.1.1 Prenatale ontwikkeling: ....................................................................................... 61
3.2 Neuronen.................................................................................................................. 63
3.2.1 Proliferatie ........................................................................................................... 63
3.2.2 Migratie ............................................................................................................... 63
3.2.3 Differentiatie ........................................................................................................ 63
3.2.4 Myelinesatie ........................................................................................................ 64
3.2.5 Synaptogenese ................................................................................................... 64
3.2.6 Selectieve eliminatie ........................................................................................... 64
3.3 Cortex ....................................................................................................................... 67
3.3.1 Occipitaal schors ................................................................................................. 67
3.3.2 Pariëtaal schors .................................................................................................. 67
3.3.3 Temporaal schors ............................................................................................... 67
3.3.4 Frontaal schors ................................................................................................... 68
Hoorcollege 9 .................................................................................................................... 69
3.4 Plasticiteit ................................................................................................................ 69
3.4.1 Rasmussen syndrome:........................................................................................ 69
3.4.2 Corticale reorganiatie: ......................................................................................... 69
Deel 4: Stoornissen........................................................................................................... 72
4.1 Teratogenen ............................................................................................................. 72
4.1.1 Prenataal risico: Rubella/rode hond..................................................................... 72
4.1.2 Prenataal risico: Gezondheid .............................................................................. 72
4.1.3 Prenataal risico: Middelengebruik ....................................................................... 72
4.1.4 Prenataal risico: Medicijnen ................................................................................ 74
4.1.5 Postnatale risico’s ............................................................................................... 74
Hoorcollege 10 .................................................................................................................. 74
4.2 Trauma ...................................................................................................................... 74
4.2.1 Hersenletsel ‘hersenschudding’........................................................................... 75
4.3 Meningitis .................................................................................................................. 77
4.4 Cerebrale parese ....................................................................................................... 79
4.4.1 Categorieën: ....................................................................................................... 79
4.4.2 Oorzaken: ........................................................................................................... 80
4.4.3 Neurologische oorzaken...................................................................................... 81
4.4.4 Syndromen.......................................................................................................... 81
4.4.5 Neuropsychologische/cognitieve problemen ....................................................... 82
College 10 .......................................................................................................................... 84
4.5 Tentamenvragen ....................................................................................................... 84
4.6 Multifactoriële aandoeningen ..................................................................................... 84
4.7 Autisme ..................................................................................................................... 85

2

, 4.8 ADHD ........................................................................................................................ 87
Deel 5: Onderzoeken......................................................................................................... 89
Hoorcollege 7 .................................................................................................................... 89
5.1 Neurologisch onderzoek ............................................................................................ 89
5.2 Neuropsychologie ...................................................................................................... 90
5.3 Psychologisch onderzoek .......................................................................................... 90
Hoorcollege 13 Gastcollege Inge de Vlieger ................................................................... 91
5.4 Neuropsychologie ...................................................................................................... 91
5.5 Hoofddomeinen van neuropsychologie: ..................................................................... 91
5.5.1 Domein: Perceptie............................................................................................... 92
5.5.2 Domein: Motoriek ................................................................................................ 92
5.5.3 Domein: Aandacht............................................................................................... 92
5.5.4 Domein: Geheugen ............................................................................................. 94
5.5.5 Domein: intelligentie ............................................................................................ 95
5.5.6 Domein: Executieve functies (EF) ....................................................................... 95
5.6 Stappenplan praktijk .................................................................................................. 96




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, Deel 1: Cellen en informatieoverdracht

Hoorcollege 1
Inleiding
- autisme
- open ruggetje
- cerebrale parese

Waarom dit vak:

Waarom hebben we een brein, wat maakt dat we het nodig hebben?
- om het lichaam te kunnen besturen
- in de essentie hebben wij hersenen om op onze omgeving te kunnen reageren
- planten hebben geen zenuwcellen en hebben geen hersencellen en hebben dus ook niet
de functies die wij hebben om op de omgeving te kunnen reageren.
- functies van het brein: 1) taal 2) pijn 3) communicatie
- daarna kunnen wij opstaan en weggaan. Dat kunnen planten niet.

We kunnen interacteren met de omgeving en we hebben motoriek. Kostbaar orgaan
verbruikt veel energie. Voorbeeldje van een diertje dat een aantal cellen heeft maar die later
kwijt raakt omdat het als het ouder is niet meer beweegt; het blijft zitten aan de rots. Het
verliest dan ook zijn hersencellen.

Tentamenvraag: Centrale zenuwstelsel = de hersenen en het ruggenmerg (vaak wordt
er gesproken over het brein/de hersenen en men doelt dan op het centrale zenuwstelsel)

1.1 Hersencellen
Bouwstenen van de hersenen= hersencellen (2 soorten)
1. Neuronen
2. Gliacellen

Men wist nog niet dat hersenen ook uit cellen bestond. Onderzoekers hadden een soort
kleurstof aangebracht waardoor ze de cellen van elkaar konden onderscheiden. Toen bleek
dat er veel verschillende cellen waren en niet maar 1 klier

Lichaamscellen:
- Celmembraan= kanalen/poriën. Is een afscheiding van de inhoud van de cel. Dmv het
membraan wordt de inhoud vd cel afgescheiden van de buitenkant. In een membraan zitten
poortjes en daar kunnen stoffen doorheen. Uitwisseling met de omgeving.

- Celkern= kern van de cel hier ligt ons genetisch materiaal (soort receptenboek)

- Mitochondriën= dat zijn energiefabriekjes. Die verbranden glucose, die suiker wordt
verbrand en dan komt er energie vrij en daardoor kunnen de cellen allerlei dingen uitvoeren.
Voorbeeld: spierbeweging

- Ribosomen= is de keuken waar de eiwitten waaruit je bent opgebouwd gemaakt worden.
Dus op de manier waarop het is beschreven in het DNA

Eiwitten en glucose komen via je bloed aan bij de cellen. Inname door voedsel.
Eiwitten worden opgenomen en opgesplitst tot aminozuren→ aminozuren worden weer tot
eiwit omgezet


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