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Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 14th Edition Test Bank
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Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 14th Edition Test Bank1. . The most important thing to
establish in the first counsel-ing
session is
a.
the counseling relationship.b.
likes and dislikes in the coun-
seling environment.
c.
fees for service.d.
reimbursement potential by
insurance providers.
2. Absorption occurs in the d. Alcohol
stomach for which of the fol-
lowing nutrients? The stomach is the site of digestion of small
a. Vitamins amounts of lipid and protein. Large proteinsare
b. Carbohydrates broken down into peptides. Otherwise, the
c.Minerals stomach breaks down food into small- er
d. Alcohol particles and passes it into the small intestine,
where absorption of all nutrients EXCEPT
alcohol takes place. Alcohol is ab-sorbed
through the stomach.
3. Pepsinogen is converted to c. hydrochloric acid.
pepsin when it comes in con-tact
with Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach and
a. enterokinase. converted to its active form by the acid en-
b. trypsinogen. vironment of the stomach. Enterokinase is
c. hydrochloric acid. secreted by the brush border of the small
d. peptidases. intestine in response to the presence of chyme.
Trypsinogen is secreted by the pan-creas and
activated by enterokinase. Vari- ous peptidases
are secreted by the either brush border or the
pancreas.
4. Which of the following is formed a. Vitamin K
by bacterial synthesis
, Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 14th Edition Test Bank
in the colon? Colonic bacteria produce vitamin K, vitamin
a. Vitamin K B12, thiamin, and riboflavin. Vitamin D maybe
b. Vitamin D metabolized by exposure of precursor vitamin
c. Vitamin B6 D in the skin to ultraviolet light. Thehuman
d. Niacin body can synthesize niacin from the amino
acid tryptophan. Vitamin B6 mustbe obtained
from dietary sources such as meats, whole
grains, vegetables, and nuts.
5. After surgical removal of a c. Loss of absorptive tissue
large portion of the small in-
testine, what functional com- The small intestine is the primary site of
plication is most likely to de- nutrient absorption because of its large ab-
velop? sorption surface area. Secretions from theliver,
a. Changes in dietary habits gallbladder, and pancreas can still contribute
b. Impaired digestion to digestion of intestinal con- tents. However,
c. Loss of absorptive tissue decreased absorption of nutrients and food
d. Elimination of dietary components may resultin more intestinal
residue remains and residue. A patient may change
dietary habits as a re-sult of gastrointestinal
discomfort experi- enced after intestinal
resection, but this is not a functional
complication.
6. The sight or smell of food pro- b. Hydrochloric acid
duces vagal stimulation of the
parietal cells of the gastric Parasympathetic innervation that causes
mucosa, resulting in the in- release of hydrochloric acid helps prepare the
creased production of what? stomach for the potential of receiving food.
a.Motilin After food chyme is passed into the small
b.Hydrochloric acid intestine from the stomach, secretin and
c.Cholecystokinin cholecystokinin are secreted to stimu-late
d.Secretin pancreatic secretion of water and bicar-bonate.
They also signal gallbladder con- tractions and
colonic motility, all resulting inreductions in
stomach emptying and duo- denal motility.
Motilin is secreted from the duodenal mucosa
during fasting to stimu- late gastric emptying
and intestinal motility.
, Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 14th Edition Test Bank
7. If a patient experiences malab- b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acidsin
sorption of fat resulting from an the diet
impaired ability to produce
adequate bile salts for micelle Medium-chain fatty acids of 8 to 12 carbonscan
formation, how may fat ab- be absorbed directly by mucosal cells without
sorption be improved? the presence of bile. The long-chainfatty acids
a. By increasing short-chain require micelle formation for ab-sorption.
fatty acids in the diet Short-chain fatty acids result frombacterial
b. By increasing medi- fermentation of malabsorbed car-bohydrates
um-chain fatty acids in the and fibers. As bile is produced from
diet cholesterol, dietary restriction of cho-lesterol
c. By increasing long-chain is negligible in regard to improve- ments in fat
fatty acids in the diet absorption.
d. By restricting dietary intakeof
cholesterol
8. What is the function of se- c. Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete
cretin? water and bicarbonate
a. Stimulation of gastric secre-
tions and increased motility Secretin is the hormone that works in oppo-
b. Stimulation of gallbladder sition to gastrin. Whereas gastrin stimulates
contraction and the release ofbile stomach digestion activities, secretin de-
creases gastric output and promotes pan-
c. Stimulation of the pancreas creatic secretions to neutralize the acidity
to secrete water and bicarbon-ate of chyme. Cholecystokinin is also secretedwhen
d. Stimulation of the parietalcells chyme enters the duodenum, and it isresponsible
to secrete gastrin for stimulating the gallbladder.
9. Which of the following is a list d. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypepti-
of enzymes released from the dase
pancreas?
a. Insulin, trypsin, and se- Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypepti- dase
cretin are three protein digestive enzymes secreted
b. Lactase, isomaltase, and by the pancreas. Insulin is an en-dogenous
dextrinase hormone secreted by the pan- creas. Secretin is
c. Protease, pepsin, and gas-trin a hormone secreted by the small intestine.
Lactase and isomaltase(also known as
dextrinase) are brush-bor-
, Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 14th Edition Test Bank
d. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and der enzymes. Pepsin, which is a protease,and
carboxypeptidase gastrin are hormones secreted by thestomach.
10. In what form is dietary fat ab- b. Micelle
sorbed from the lumen of the
intestine? Fats must be emulsified into micelles so that
a. Chylomicron they may cross the unstirred water layer that
b. Micelle borders the brush-border mem- branes. These
c. Triglyceride micelles leave monoglyc- erides and fatty
d. Lipoprotein acids at the brush border, where they are
reabsorbed and reassem- bled as triglycerides.
The triglycerides are packaged with
cholesterol, fat-soluble vita-mins, and
phospholipids into chylomicrons,which pass
into the lymphatic circulation.
When these reach the liver, the chylomicron
components are repackaged into low-den-sity
lipoproteins.
11. Which of the following is trueof a. Probiotics are live microorganisms foundin
probiotics? food.
a. Probiotics are live microor-
ganisms found in food. Probiotics are live microorganisms, which
b. Probiotics are nondi- when administered in adequate amounts confer
gestible carbohydrates. a health benefit on the host. They are found in
c. Probiotics act primarily on fermented foods like yogurt andsauerkraut or as
bacteria in the proximal small a nutritional supplement. Bacterial action is
intestine. most intense in the distalsmall intestine and
d. Probiotics cannot be given as large intestine.
supplements because theyreadily
die.
12. By which transport mecha- a. Passive diffusion
nism are most vitamins ab-
sorbed from the small intes- Passive diffusion is limited by the number of
tine into the blood? channels available for nutrients to randomlypass
a. Passive diffusion through. Facilitated diffusion requires the
b. Active diffusion presence of carrier proteins, which may
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