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samenvatting medical neuroscience and neuroanatomy hele vak
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samenvatting van alle stof tot aan de endterm, beknopt geschreven met alle belangrijkste zaken erin verwerkt
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All lectures for Medical Neuroscience & Neuroanatomy (2022/2023)
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SubCortical Nuclei of the Brain
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Complete summary for the ENDTERM of Medical Neuroscience & Neuro anatomy
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HersenstructurenTelencephalon
- cortex
- layers:
- Molecular layer (I): has main connections
to dendrites and axons from other layers
- Small pyramidal layer (II): cortical-cortical
connections
- Medium-pyramidal layer (III, external
pyramidal layer): cortical-cortical
connections
- Granual layer (IV, internal pyramidal
layer): receives input from thalamus
- Large pyramidal layer (V, internal pyramidal layer): sends output to subcortical
structures (other than thalamus)
- Polymorphic layer (VI, multiform layer): sends output thalamus
- basal ganglia: modulates output corticospinal = grove motoriek tract = subcortical,
extrapyramidal
- input: caudate nucleus + Putamen = striatum & Globus Pallidus
- output:
- tectospinal: head/eye
- reticulospinal: posture
- Basal forebrain: Septum (cholinergicSystem)
Diencephalon
- Thalamus: all sensory info except smell
- auditory: inferior colliculus → medial geniculate nucleus
- visual: superior colliculus → lateral geniculate nucleus
- motor: sensorimotor work together
- Descending motor system
- Medial geniculate nucleus: Auditory
- Lateral geniculate nucleus: facial/visual info
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
Mesencephalon
- cerebral peduncles: descending and ascending tracts
- midbrain tectum: autonomic function (motor inhibition)
- superior colliculus: visual info
- inferior colliculi: auditory info
- midbrain tegmentum: autonomic (inhibition motor function)
Metencephalon
- pons
- cerebellum: emotie regulatie, timing en coördinatie
- ziekte: Friedreich's Ataxia
- moduleert output corticospinal tract
Myelencephalon: Medulla
2 plaatsen in spinal cord meer grey matter (fijne motoriek)
,→ interneuron in gray matter spinal cord = inhibitory
- Brachial plexus (hand/arm)
- Lumbosacral enlargement (leg/feet)
Cerebral peduncles
- inferior: receive info spinal cord
- middle: receive info spinal cord
- superior: exit to cortex
In Dorsal (posterior) column:
- Fasciculus cuneatus: arm
- Fasciculus gracilis: legs
Bodem van de brainstem: Cervicomedullary
junction
- Midbrain:
- dorsal:
- superior colliculus:
visual
- inferior colliculus: auditory
→ allebei door naar anterior thalamus
- ventral:
- superior peduncle
- middle peduncle
- inferior peduncle
- pons: meets medulla bij ponto medullary junction
- medulla:
- ventral: pyramidal decussation → ventral horn = motor/muscles
- rostral: inferior olivary nuclei
- caudal: posterior columns en posterior column nuclei
,- area perforata anterior:
daar gaan alle kleine
arteriën die naar
subcorticale gebieden
gaan
- pyramis: pyramidal tract
- anterolateral sulcus:
hoef je niet te weten; is de visual boundary tussen de pyramid en de olive
- myelum = spinal cord
- n. 1 is lose axon van olfactory bulb
- corpus mamillare: malimary bodies: part of hypothalamus
→ memory structures
- n. 6 meest medial
- 3 nerves bij elkaar: nerve 7 en 8 zijn samen met intermedius ertussen
- intermedius: is eigenlijk autonomic onderdeel van de Vii
- XI heeft 2 branches (cervical en cranial)
, corpus callosum: meerdere onderdelen
foramen: connects ventricles
fornix: mini corpus callosum eronder
7: midden in 3e ventrikel = massa intermedia (connects thalamusses)
9: in de wall van third ventricle = thalamus
8: septum tussen ventrikels in
11; splenium
12: pineal gland; melatonine
13: posterior commissure
→ daaronder: superior en inferior colliculus
16: cerebral aquaduct: constant vloeistof doorheen
20: in de spinal cord (niet echt een kanaal voor cerebrospinal fluid)
→ soort continuation of ventricular, maar geen fluid
23: bolletjes
24 = hypothalamus (24, 25 en 27 niet leren)
26: optic chiasm is ook hier driehoekig
28: hypothalamus; ligt in voorste deel derde ventrikel
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