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inhoudstafel NEUROFYSIOLOGIE

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inhoudstafel NEUROFYSIOLOGIE

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  • December 11, 2022
  • 7
  • 2021/2022
  • Other
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H. Isselée


NEUROFYSIOLOGIE
Inleiding
 Totstandkoming en controle v d beweging
 Motorisch systeem:
o Hoogste niveau: geassocieerde neocorticale gebieden + basale ganglia
o Middelste niveau: motorische cortex + cerebellum
o Laagste niveau: hersenstam en ruggenmerg


1. De motorische eenheid
1.1. De motorische respons
 Antagonistische organisatie: 2 implicaties
o Beweging steeds in de 2 tegengestelde richtingen mogelijk
o Gepast afremmen v d beweging dr overkomen v h kinetisch moment mogelijk
ook bij snelle bewegingen
 Drie continuerende componenten
 Eerste component: distale spieren : fijne MR en manipulatieve functie
 Tweede component: proximale spieren: fixatie dist lidmaat tov romp
 Derde component: axiale spieren: posturale functie

 Manipulatieve bewegingen: fasische aard  flexoren
 Fixatieve en posturale bewn: tonische aard  extensoren

 Ballistische: plotse en vlugge bew die stapvormige verandering v stand verwerkt 
geen tsskomst sensoriële FB
 Geleidelijke: trage progressieve veranderingen v stand  wel tsskomst sensoriële FB

1.2. De somatomotorische effector: de dwarsgestreepte spiervezel
 FF-spiervezel (witte spiervezel) (opp)
 S-spiervezel (rode spiervezel) (diep)

Innervatieratio
1.3. De motorische eenheid
1.3.1. Spier moet variabele kracht kunnen generen
1.3.1.1. Motor unit recrutering
1.3.1.2. Frequentie modulatie



1

, H. Isselée

1.4. Het lager motor neuron of alfa MN
 Alfa MN
o Somatotopische organisatie
 Gamma MN
 Grotere MN (alfa 1, fasisch)
 Kleinere MN (alfa 2, tonisch)
 Prikkelbaarheid


1.5. Interneuronen of schakelcellen
 Verschillende functies:
o Omkeringsfunctie
o Poortfunctie
o Vertragingsfunctie
o Versterkingsfunctie
o Integratiefunctie
o Netwerkfunctie
 Afferente info uit de spier
o Spierspindels lengte
 Intrafusale vezels
 kernzakvezels (stat en dyn)
 kernkettingvezels
 Sensorische receptoren
 motorneuronen
o Golgi peesorganen kracht




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