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Summary IPOL: CHAPTER 19
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Summary of 2 pages for the course Introduction to Political Science at UvA (IPOL: CHAPTER 19)
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CHAPTER 19 World order: the distribution of power between and amongst states giving
rise to a stable pattern of relationships and behaviors
Pre-emptive attack: military action is taken before s potential aggressor
becomes too strong to be challenged. Almost illegal under U, war
justified only in the case of self defence
‘War on terror’: the response after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. World order
instability has resulted from the clash of civilizations where major civilizations
would become the principle actors in the int system which will lead to the
multiple differences to be abandoned due to support for common liberal ideas.
This has been criticized by the fact that globalization has already contributed to
the mix of cultures and conflict is more linked with political or economical
inequality
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE=dynamic process of decision making at
global level involving formal and informal mechanism as well as
governmental and non-governmental bodies. The rise of international
organizations has demonstrated the rise of global governance and the
development of interdependence between states
o Polycentrism; institutional frameworks operate in different issue
areas
o Intergovernmentalism; states retain influence within the global
system
o Mixed actor involvement; public/private divide through
iinvolvement of NGOs, TNCs
Liberals: int organizations are a reflection of the extend of
interdependence in the global system; states can achieve more by working
together than by working separately. States will operate when each
calculate that it will make ‘absolute gains’
Absolute gains: benefits that accrue(interest) to states from policy
regardless of their impact on other states
Realists: int organizations are linked to hegemony because only a
hegemonic states possess the power to tolerate relative gains that other
states so long as they make absolute gains themselves
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