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Edexcel_Physics_Radioactivity
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Edexcel_Physics_ Radioactivity
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OverviewEdexcel Topic 6
Radioactivity
Part 1
• Atoms
• Types of radiation
• Background radiation
Part 2
• Radioactive decay and half life
• Uses and dangers of
radioactivity
Part 3
• Nuclear reactions
,Learn!
Know!
Part 1
• Atoms
• Types of radiation
• Background radiation
, Structure of the atom - subatomic particles
• An atom has a positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons,
surrounded by negatively charged electrons in shells.
• The nuclear radius much smaller than that of the atom and with almost all mass
of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
• An atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
• Atoms have no overall electrical charge because the number of positive
protons equals the number of negative electrons.
number of protons = atomic number
• All atoms of an element have the same number of protons in the nucleus. This
number is unique to that element.
Mass Charge Location
Proton 1 + (positive) nucleus
Neutron 1 no charge nucleus
Electron 1/1835 negligible - (negative) shells
, Mass number and atomic number
All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons.
The number of protons in an element is called its atomic number.
Neutrons
Protons The total number of protons
Neutrons and neutrons in an atom is
Electrons called its mass number.
Oxygen has a mass number of
16. If it has 8 protons it must
therefore have 8 neutrons to
Protons make a mass number of 16.
On the periodic table,
oxygen is shown as Electrons
having an atomic Atoms are electrically neutral
number of eight, so there must be the same
therefore 8 protons. number of electrons (-) as
protons (+); 8 electrons.
Oxygen has: 8 protons, (16 – 8) = 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons
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