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Summary of qualitative lectures YSS20306

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This document contains a nuclear material summary of the qualitative part of YSS20306

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  • December 14, 2022
  • 9
  • 2022/2023
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Lecture 1

Quantitative research Qualitative research
Collecting & analysing numbers Collecting & analysing words
Counting (how many/often) Understanding (why, how)
Looking for regularities Looking for specifics
Standardized measurement instruments Researcher is (part of) the measurement
instrument
Mostly: testing hypothesis/theory (deductive Mostly: creating hypothesis/theory (inductive
approach) approach)
Large sample of research units (random Small samples of research units (purposive
sampling) sampling)

Quantitative vs qualitative research
 Choosing between a quantitative or qualitative approach
o Researcher paradigm (ontology= certain beliefs about what is reality / epistemology:
how can you best acquire knowledge out reality)
 Empirical analytical approach (neopositivism) – quantitative research
 Nomothetic knowledge (general laws about relation between certain
variables)
 Reductionist research (large sample, few variables)
 Standardized methods
 Replicable
 Non-normative
 Empirical-interpretive approach
 Ideographic knowledge (describe/understand specific cases)
 Holistic research (small sample, lot of variables)
 Unstandardized methods
 More difficult to replicate
 Non-normative?
o Pragmatic stance: look at the research purpose / question
 Combining quantitative and qualitative

Empirical cycle
 Goal: generation and verification of theories
 Start: knowledge problem
 Phases:
o Theory development
 1. Observation
 2. Induction
o Theory testing
 3. Deduction
 4. Testing of hypothesis
 5. Evaluation

, Characteristics of qualitative research
 Qualitative research is about
o Looking for meaning
o Using flexible research methods
o Providing qualitative findings

Grounded-theory approach
 Systematically collecting and analysing data step-by-step in order
to develop theory

Qualitative data-sources & methods




Physical reality: water, landscape etc.




Quality criteria of qualitative research
 Reliability
o Will repeated measurements yield the same results?
 Measurement/internal validity
o Measurement: do we really measure what we want to measure?
o Internal: are our conclusions correct?
 External validity
o Can we generalize the conclusions based on our sample to the population (and other
populations / situations)

Consider the following two statements:
1. According to Boeije, qualitative research is about using standardized research methods
2. In the grounded theory approach data collection and data analysis are strictly sperated
Both statements are false (D)

The qualitative research process

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