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les cristaux
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chapitre sur les cristaux
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Les cristauxChap 2: des édifices ordonnés
Vocabulaire:
Structure grenue: tous les minéraux sont visibles à l’oeil nu
Structure microlithique: présence de phénocristaux coexistant avec des
microlithes(petits cristaux non visibles à l’oeil nu) et du verre
Structure à différentes échelles
Atomes→maille (organisation ordonnée d’atomes)→cristaux (répétition de
maille)→minéraux→roche
Cristal vs verre
● Cristal: structure organisée, forme géométrique
● Verre: aucune organisation particulière (désorganisé, désordonné)
Condition du milieu
● Pression + température→atomes s’arrange différemment
● Temps de refroidissement + profondeur
Conditions de formation→texture
● Éthylvanilline
○ refroidissement lent→gros cristaux, jointif
○ Refroidissement rapide→petits cristaux, pas jointifs, baignent dans du
verre
● Obsidienne: refroidissement rapide en surface→structure vitreuse
● Rhyolite: refroidissement rapide, lent en surface→structure microlithique
● Granite: refroidissement lent en profondeur→structure grenue
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