FTCE Reading K-12 Test with 100% Correct Answers 2022

Noam Chomsky - Correct answer-theorist who believed that humans have an inborn or "native" propensity to develop language and knowledge of grammar Noam Chomsky - Correct answer-theorist of language development; disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition. LAD (1960s Language Acquisition Device) Louise Rosenblatt - Correct answer-creator of Transactional Theory of reading (30s40s), where meaning comes from the readers transaction of the text Louise Rosenblatt - Correct answer-known theorist of reader-response/close reading Lev Vygotsky - Correct answer-child development; investigated how culture & interpersonal communication guide development; zone of proximal development; play research Lev Vygotsky - Correct answer-theorist of Social Development Theory: Social Interaction is necessary for development and learning. ZPD - Zone Proximal Development: distance between the student's ability to work with guidance & the ability to work independently. Teacher is collaborator rather than transmitter of knowledge. Social constructivist (theory): Knowledge adds on to other knowledge(scaffolding). Believer in the philosophy that collaboration among students is essential for learning. Paulo Ferire - Correct answer-theorist of the Pedagogy of the Oppressed, people already have true knowledge and expertise and do not need to be taught by an expert Jerome Bruner - Correct answer-Believes children encounter a series of developmental stages as they mature. Construct new ideas based on past or current knowledge. Discovery learning, scaffolding, constructivism. Jean Piaget - Correct answer-Four stage theory of cognitive development: 1. sensorimotor, 2. pre-operational (age 2-7 concept of sequence), 3. concrete operational (logical and abstract thought age 7-12) and 4. formal operational. He said that the two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive growth-assimilation and accommodation. emergent literacy - Correct answer-children's active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences. Interacting with books, telling stories, writing. incremental rehearsal (IR) - Correct answer-A technique that uses flash cards to teach unknown words (sight words). Language Experience Approach (LEA) - Correct answer-Method for connecting oral language to written language. Speech written down. An integration of reading and writing approaches using students' personal experiences and oral language (words). Linguistic approach - Correct answer-A reading approach based on highly regular spelling patterns. Such as: Nat the cat sat on the mat. Focuses on phonics and grammar rule. BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) - Correct answer-Equated with "social language". Learning second language skills through face to face interaction. Translation through speaking, listening and viewing. Crisscrossers - Correct answer-(ELL term) Second language learners who have a positive attitude towards both first and second language learning. Authentic Assessment - Correct answer-a testing procedure that focuses on the process used in solving complex, real-life problems Balanced Literacy Approach - Correct answer-Phonemic Awareness; phonics, word study, vocab development, read aloud, shared reading, guided reading, teach reading strategies, literacy centers, independent reading, shared/interactive/mediated writing; emphasize word identification in proportion to individual words; acknowledge L1, immerse and real world experiences with various purposes; enrich environment with print; accept and celebrate progress (w/errors); encourage at home phonological awareness - Correct answer-the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language. knowledge that words are made-up of small units segmented together. ability to rime and separate syllables Phonemic Awareness - Correct answer-ability to identify component sounds within words, awareness of sounds functioning in words Structural Analysis - Correct answer-the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words. contextual analysis - Correct answer-Trying to identify unknown words and their meaning through the use of its context. Most appropriate for teaching multiple-meaning words. Remediation approach - Correct answer-One in which the teacher provides learners with the prerequisite knowledge, skill, or behavior needed to benefit from planned instruction. Helpful for low IQ students. Syntactic working system (syntax) - Correct answer-word order, rules, grammar (structure of language), punctuation. Schema - Correct answer-a concept or framework a person uses that organizes and interprets information. (Background knowledge, consciously and unconsciously used to process/comprehend reading) Dipthong - Correct answer-2 vowels in which the sound begins at the first vowel and moves toward the sound of the second vowel (snout=ou/boy=oy) Word Sorts - Correct answer-A word-study activity in which words on cards are grouped according to designated categories, as by spelling or vowel patterns, or meanings, etc. Helps students make sense of new vocabulary Prosody - Correct answer-phrasing, using punctuation, reading expression, inflection. Rate, accuracy to improve reading fluency. (ex. in poetry) Informal Reading Inventory (IRI) - Correct answer-An informal instrument designed to help teachers determine a child's independent, instructional, frustration,& capacity levels. Designed to determine a student's reading instructional needs. Used to determine word recognition, word meaning, reading strategies, comprehension and decoding. whole language approach - Correct answer-Teaching reading by encouraging early use of all language skills-talking and listening, reading and writing. Allows students to select their OWN READING MATTER and that emphasizes the use of recognition of words in every contexts. Miscue Analysis - Correct answer-A way of acquiring insight into children's reading strategies by studying the mistakes they make when reading aloud. An examination of reading errors or substitutions (miscues) as the basis for determining the strengths and weaknesses of students' reading skills. Miscues - Correct answer-cases in which a student reads a word that is different from the one that is printed. Running Record - Correct answer-a tool for scoring and analyzing a student's developmental reading ability/level. Assess student with a provided text. Document errors to determine reading level. Types of groupings - Correct answer-Databased, peer-tutoring, interest-based, heterogeneous ability grouping Phonemic Awareness - Correct answer-The understanding that language is made up of a pattern of sounds - assess by rhyming. Teach students to recognize, orally the individual souns in words, teach students to blend sounds in words ex. b and l = bl_end Phoneme - Correct answer-in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit (basic sounds that make up words) Grapheme - Correct answer-A written representation of a sound using one or more letters. (a letter, group of letters, symbol) Morpheme - Correct answer-in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) bound morpheme - Correct answer-A morpheme that must be "bound" with another to form a word. Ex: un, ish, es, ed, pre onset-rime awareness - Correct answer-recognition of the onset (all sounds prior to the vowel) and the rime (the rest of the syllable) Rhyme - Correct answer-correspondence of sound between words or the endings of words - the VOWEL soud of a syllable. A syllable must have a vowel Alphabetic Principle (graphophonemic awareness) - Correct answer-an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words. Using the alphabet to represent sounds. Blending - Correct answer-combining individual phonemes to form words or combining onsets and rimes to make syllables, then combining syllables to make words. Consonant Blend - Correct answer-Two or more consecutive consonants which retain their individual sounds (e.g., /bl/ in block; /str/ in string) sounded together in such a way that each is heard. graphophonic working system - Correct answer-decoding or sounding out words by letter, group of letters (see grapheme) phonological awareness - Correct answer-the ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken words, including: identifying & making rhymes, recognizing alliteration, identifying and working with syllables in spoken words identifying and working with onsets and rhymes in spoken syllables. Graphophonemic Awareness - Correct answer-Also called the Alphabetic Principle, refers to the fact that each individual sound has a graphical representation of individual letters of letter blends. The second part of the correspondence between sounds and letters that leads to reading. Understanding that letters change and so do sounds. Blending. Common sight words. Recognizing symbols and sounds with phonics and visual cues. Semantic working system - Correct answer-Meaning comes first - background knowledge ad context clues and picture clues Semantic clues - Correct answer-Use of knowledge about the subject of the text and words associated with that subject to identify an unknown word within a text: meaning cues from each sentence and the evolving whole Syntactic working system - Correct answer-word order, rules, grammar(structure of language), punctuation (syntax) Syntactic clues - Correct answer-grammatical cues like word order, function words, and word endings Lexical working system - Correct answer-word parts (roots, prefixes, suffixes) Independent Reading Level (IRL) - Correct answer-The level at which a reader can read text with 95% accuracy (i.e., no more than one error per 20 words read). Independent reading level is relatively easy text for the reader. Instructional Reading Level - Correct answer-Reading level at which a student recognizes and comprehends words well enough to avoid frustration, but still requires some assistance or guidance from teacher. 90-95% accuracy and ~80% comprehension Frustration Reading Level - Correct answer-the level at which a reader reads at less than 90% accuracy Vocabulary Tier 1 - Correct answer-Tier of Basic Words - everyday language Vocabulary Tier 2 - Correct answer-Mature Words with multiple meanings - require direct instruction Vocabulary Tier 3 - Correct answer-low frequency words that are content specific; technical terms; ex: meteorologist, anemometer, gauge, propeller Areas of Fluency - Correct answer-Rate, Phrasing, Accuracy, Expression, Automaticity Automaticity - Correct answer-fluency without effort (but not expression) SQ3R Method - Correct answer-Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review QAR - Correct answer-Question-answer relationship; readers learn how to answer questions, delineate between explicit and implicit information, and draw on background knowledge: "right there," "think and search," "author and you," and "on your own" questions. KWL Chart - Correct answer-Stands for "What I KNOW, what I WANT to know, and what I LEARNED. It is is a type of graphic organizer to assist students in monitoring their reading comprehension Semantic Map - Correct answer-A graphic organizer that uses lines and circles to organize information according to categories. Previewing vocabulary, Spider Map, Draw meaning from words Concept maps - Correct answer-assess conceptual knowledge through graphic representations, downward, hierachy, shows relation across. Choral Reading - Correct answer-takes place when a group of students or an entire class reads out loud. Big Books - Correct answer-Large, oversized books used in shared reading, usually at the emergent reading level. Literature Circles - Correct answer-small, temporary, and heterogeneous groups of student that gather together to discuss a book that each of them are reading with the goal of enhancing comprehension. Basal Reader - Correct answer-A kind of book that is used to teach reading. Text Book Early Readers - Correct answer-1. ID most high frequency words. 2. Use pics & patterns to confirm meaning . 3. Use Syntax & Phonics to figure out most simple words. 4. Use spelling patterns to figure out words. 5. They are gaining control of reading strategies. 6. Use their own experiences & background info for meaning. CVC words Independent Reading Level - Correct answer-the level at which students are able to read on their own (reading for pleasure). This is also a good way to improve reading fluency. Fluent Readers - Correct answer-ID most words, read chapter books with good comprehension, consistently monitor cross-check and self, correct reading. They can offer their own interpretations of text based on personal experience and prior reading. Components of a Reading Program - Correct answer-1.Reading-engagement of the written word 2.Oral Language-connection between oral & written 3.Writing-allow students to practice 4.Spelling- correlates w ability to identify words Language Systems - Correct answer-1. Phonological -sound 2. Syntactic- structural, organization (grammar) of language dictates how words are combined into sentences; word order, capitalization, punctuation, morphemes - smallest meaningful unit in grammar,. By age 4-5 children should have the same grammar as their surrounding family 3. Semantic- The meaning; vocabulary, synonyms, antonyms, idioms 4. Pragmatic- Social and cultural and how it