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samenvatting economie
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samenvatting jeugdrecht ik behaalde. 15/20
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ECONOMIE1
,Inhoudsopgave
1 REGULIERE ECONOMIE...........................................................................................................................................4
1.1 GESLOTEN ECONOMISCHE KRINGLOOP MET GEZINNEN EN ONDERNEMINGEN.........................................................................4
1.2 GESLOTEN ECONOMISCHE KRINGLOOP MET OVERHEID.....................................................................................................5
1.3 OPEN ECONOMISCHE KRINGLOOP...............................................................................................................................6
1.4 MACRO-ECONOMISCHE GROOTHEDEN.........................................................................................................................6
1.4.1 INVALSHOEK PRODUCTIE...............................................................................................................................................7
1.4.2 INVALSHOEK INKOMEN.................................................................................................................................................8
1.4.3 INVALSHOEK BESTEDINGEN............................................................................................................................................9
1.5 WELVAART EN ECONOMIE........................................................................................................................................9
1.5.1 WELVAARTSINDICATOREN..............................................................................................................................................9
1.5.2 NIEUWE WELVAARTSINDICATOREN................................................................................................................................10
2 PRIJSSTABILITEIT...................................................................................................................................................12
2.1 SOORTEN EN FUNCTIES VAN GELD.............................................................................................................................12
2.2 GELDCREATIE.......................................................................................................................................................12
2.3 INFLATIE EN DEFLATIE............................................................................................................................................13
2.3.1 METEN VAN INFLATIE..................................................................................................................................................13
2.3.2 OORZAKEN VAN INFLATIE.............................................................................................................................................14
2.3.3 GEVOLGEN VAN INFLATIE.............................................................................................................................................14
2.4 MONETAIR BELEID................................................................................................................................................16
2.5 INFLATIE BESTRIJDEN.............................................................................................................................................16
2.5.1 LOONINDEXERING......................................................................................................................................................16
2.5.2 LOONPRIJSSPIRAAL.....................................................................................................................................................17
2.5.3 INFLATIE IN BELGIE ANNO 2022...................................................................................................................................17
3 WERKGELEGENHEID..............................................................................................................................................18
3.1 ARBEIDSMARKT....................................................................................................................................................18
3.2 WERKLOOSHEID & OORZAKEN.................................................................................................................................18
3.3 CONJUNCTUUR....................................................................................................................................................19
3.4 INDICATOREN INZAKE ARBEIDSMARKT.......................................................................................................................19
3.5 SAMENSTELLING VAN DE WERKLOOSHEID...................................................................................................................20
3.6 VERKLARINGEN VOOR WERKLOOSHEID.......................................................................................................................22
3.7 KNELPUNTBEROEPEN.............................................................................................................................................22
3.8 GEVOLGEN WERKLOOSHEID.....................................................................................................................................23
3.9 BESTRIJDEN VAN CONJUNCTURELE WERKLOOSHEID.......................................................................................................23
3.10 BESTRIJDEN VAN STRUCTURELE WERKLOOSHEID.........................................................................................................23
4 INKOMENSVERDELING..........................................................................................................................................24
4.1 DE PERSONELE INKOMENSVERDELING........................................................................................................................24
4.2 METEN SECUNDAIRE INKOMENSVERDELING: GRAFISCH...................................................................................................25
2
,4.2.1 LORENZ-CURVE..........................................................................................................................................................25
4.2.2 GINI-COËFFICIËNT......................................................................................................................................................25
4.3 METEN SECUNDAIRE INKOMENSVERDELING: S80/ S20 VERHOUDING...............................................................................26
4.4 INKOMENSHERVERDELING......................................................................................................................................26
4.5 ARMOEDE EN ARMOEDENORMEN.............................................................................................................................26
4.5.1 EU-SILC................................................................................................................................................................... 27
5 BETALINGSBALANS...............................................................................................................................................28
5.1 WAT IS GLOBALISERING?........................................................................................................................................28
5.2 BELGIË, EEN OPEN ECONOMIE..................................................................................................................................28
5.3 VERKRLARINGEN VOOR INTERNATIONALE HANDEL........................................................................................................29
5.4 VOORDELEN EN KOSTEN VAN INTERNATIONALE HANDEL.................................................................................................29
5.5 PROTECTIONISME EN INSTRUMENTEN DAARTOE...........................................................................................................29
5.5.1 MOGELIJKE REDENEN VOOR PROTECTIONISME.................................................................................................................30
5.6 INTERNATIONALE FACTORBEWEGINGEN.....................................................................................................................30
5.7 BETALINGSBALANS...............................................................................................................................................31
5.7.1 ONEVENWICHTEN OP DE LOPENDE REKENING VAN DE BETALINGSBALANS..............................................................................31
5.8 RUILVOET...........................................................................................................................................................32
5.9 WISSELMARKT EN WISSELKOERS..............................................................................................................................32
5.9.1 OORZAKEN WISSELKOERSVERANDERINGEN......................................................................................................................32
5.9.2 GEVOLGEN WISSELKOERSVERANDERINGEN......................................................................................................................33
6 OVERHEIDSFINANCIËN..........................................................................................................................................33
6.1 ROL OVERHEID IN SOCIO-ECONOMISCH STELSEL...........................................................................................................33
6.2 DE OVERHEIDSBEGROTING......................................................................................................................................33
6.2.1 ONTVANGSTEN VAN DE OVERHEID................................................................................................................................33
6.2.2 UITGAVEN VAN DE OVERHEID......................................................................................................................................34
6.2.3 BEGRIPPEN MBT DE OVERHEIDSBEGROTING....................................................................................................................34
6.3 CRITERIA INZAKE BEGROTINGSTEKORT EN SCHULDGRAAD...............................................................................................34
6.3.1 PACT VOOR STABILITEIT & GROEI..................................................................................................................................34
6.3.2 ECONOMISCHE STREKKINGEN MBTT OVERHEIDSSCHULD.....................................................................................................35
6.3.3 GEVOLGEN VANN EEN (TE) GROTE SCHULDGRAAD............................................................................................................35
7 BEGRIPPENLIJST....................................................................................................................................................35
3
, REGULIERE ECONOMIE
1 REGULIERE ECONOMIE
1.1 GESLOTEN ECONOMISCHE KRINGLOOP MET GEZINNEN EN ONDERNEMINGEN
Economische kringloop = geeft de activiteiten weer tussen de verschillende spelers in de economie -> spelers = huishoudingen
(4):
1) Gezinnen Tussen deze huishoudingen doen zich transacties voor
2) Ondernemingen
Ofwel in reële stromen van goederen/ diensten en productiefactoren
3) Overheid
4) Buitenland Ofwel in geldstromen (ofwel beide)
Productiefactoren = alle factoren die nodig zijn om iets te kunnen produceren (3):
1) Arbeid -> zowel fysiek als intellectuele arbeid, ook ondernemerschap
2) Kapitaal -> financiële middelen, maar ook machines en andere goederen die nodig zijn voor de productie van andere
goederen of diensten
3) Natuur -> zoals grond, zonlicht -> wordt niet door de mens aangereikt
We starten met het
bekijken van een
vereenvoudigde
economische
kringloop waarin de
eerste twee
huishoudingen
voorkomen: gezinnen
& ondernemingen
-> er doen zich
transacties voor
-> enkel arbeid &
kapitaal
4
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