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Summary Biology Form 4 KSSM Chapter 11 IMMUNITY IN HUMANS $3.49   Add to cart

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Summary Biology Form 4 KSSM Chapter 11 IMMUNITY IN HUMANS

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  • December 19, 2022
  • 6
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • 4
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1)Definition of immunity, antigen, and
antibodies
2)First, second, third lines of defence in a
human body
3)Antibody action on antigen

CHAPTER 11 4)Active and passive immunities
5)Health issues related to human immunity




IMMUNITY IN
HUMANS

, Chapter 11 Immunity in Humans

11.1 Body Defence

Body defence system react when pathogen infect the body

Pathogen: microorganism causes diseases

-ex: bacteria (singular: bacterium)

Antigens: foreign particles that enter the body and subsequently stimulate the immune response

Antibodies: proteins //found on the lymphocytes surface/released by lymphocytes into blood
plasma

Immune response: interaction between antibodies and cause antigens to be destroy

Immunity: the body ability to fight infections caused pathogen or other foreign objects, through
specific attacks on the pathogens

Three line of defence to fight against disease in our body:

1) First line of defence

-Lysozyme

~found in secretion of tears, nasal mucus, saliva

 antimicrobial protein (dissolve and destroy some types of bacteria)

-Mucous membrane

~lines on the respiratory tract

mucus secreted (contains lysozyme that destroys bacteria found in the air that enters the
respiratory system

-Mechanism of blood clotting

~prevent bacteria from entering through wounds (injury involving an external or internal break in
body tissue)

-Hydrochloric acid

~in stomach (destroys bacteria present in food and drinks)

-Skin

~physical defence

tough and difficult for microorganism to penetrates (prevents the entry of pathogens)

~continuous shedding of dead cell layers on the skin surface (makes it difficult for various
microorganism to grow)

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