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Gymnosperms 1

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Gymnosperms are non-flowering plants belonging to the sub-kingdom Embophyta. The seeds are not enclosed in an ovary or fruit. These plants develop on the surface of scales or leaves, or at the end of stalks forming a cone-like structure. They do not produce flowers. Seeds are not formed inside ...

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Uploaded on December 21, 2022
Number of pages 14
Written in 2021/2022
Type Presentation
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gymnosperms 1
features of gymnosperm
evolution
classification of gymnosperms

Institution Secondary school
Science, Social Science
School year 1

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Characterstic features

1.
Seeds are not formed inside a fruit. They are naked. They do not produce flowers.
2.
They are found in colder regions where snowfall occurs.
3.
They develop needle-like leaves.
4.
They are perennial or woody, forming trees or bushes.
5.
They are not differentiated into ovary, style and stigma.
6.
Since stigma is absent, they are pollinated directly by the wind.
7.
The male gametophytes produce two gametes, but only one of them is functional.
8.
They form cones with reproductive structures.
9.
The seeds contain endosperm that stores food for the growth and development of the plant.
10.
These plants have vascular tissues which help in the transportation of nutrients and water.
11.
Xylem does not have vessels and the phloem has no companion cells and sieve tubes.

, Classification of Gymnosperms I
• Trick- 2C 2G
Where 2C is cycadophyte and coniferophyte.
And 2G is Ginkgophyta and Gnetophyta.
Gymnosperms are classified into 4 types which are as follows

1.CYCADOPHYTES
• Cycads are dioecious (meaning: individual plants are either all male or female).
• Cycads are seed-bearing plants where the majority of the members are now extinct.

• These plants usually have large compound leaves, thick trunks and small leaflets which are
attached to a single central stem.
• Cycads are usually found in the tropics and subtropics. Some members have adapted to
arid conditions and some also have adapted to oxygen-poor swampy environments.
• EXAMPLES-Cycas,Sago palm,Spermatopsida.

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