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the arab israeli conflict
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ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT IN DEPTH WITH ALL THE DETAILS
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Judaism is the first of the three major Abrahamic religions. King David, who was the one who united the Jews who for 40 years were
wondering around the region, build a holy temple in Jerusalem, which remains
today and causes tension because they are believed to be under the al Aqsa
Mosque, built on the believed place where the prophet Mohammed ascend
heaven.
Ideology: A set of beliefs and ideas that help explain the world around us.
The Jews after emigrating to Europe, wanted to integrate themselves into the
societies and countries where they settled, while those countries had a shift in
beliefs and ideologies, and regimes that started to create multiple movements
like nationalism.
This shift created an issue where the Jews were treated as minorities and not
accepted into society, becoming isolated from mainstream society.
The Dreyfus affair was the turning point in politicizing the Jewish community and
awakening the Jewish identity.
A journalist, Theodor Herzl that covered the Dreyfus affair, was shocked by the
violent sentiment of antisemitism, and thus decided to create the Zionist
movement, after mount Zion in Palestine, a movement that sought to group all
Jewish communities and convince them to resettle in Argentine, in Uganda as a
second option, and Palestine as the third.
The third option was decided because it is easy to convince people to settle in
Palestine because of history.
The first Zionist council was created in 1897 in Switzerland, in the city of Basle.
Zionism:
The purpose of Zionism was to create a homeland for the Jews.
It is a nationalist/radical ideology.
They referred to Palestine as Eretz Israel.
They used religion as a tool to convince the scattered Jewish population to come
to Israel(instrumentalization).
It was a secular ideology with a left-wing inclination, a socialist one.
Kibbutz: a socialization agency because they needed to make a common culture
between all different Jewish communities that came from around the world; a
self-sustained socio-economic district; by making the people work the land, they
created a bond between the people and the land by indoctrination.
It was more a cultural Zionism.
, Zionism was a reaction but at the same time, an imitation of colonialism and also
imitated the European nationalistic movements that they came across.
They looked at Palestine as a land without a people for a people without a land.
The most important institutions they created were the Zionist council, the Jewish
national fund (JNF), another thing was the Jewish Agency, and WZO (world
Zionist organization).
WW1 and the British Mandate of Palestine.
The young Turks, the party who was in the majority in the ottoman empire, tried
to use “Turkification”. They were trying to force the non-Turks to adapt to the
Turkish culture.
This nationalist policy was the main cause of the emergence of Arabism.
The embargo put on the empire by the French and British navies added to the
frustration of the Arab population and dissatisfaction with the ottoman regime.
The allied powers use this and ally themselves with Sheriff Hussein, the leader of
mecca at the time, and created a revolt against the ottomans.
At the same time, the Sykes-picot agreement was underway.
the Balfour declaration was one of the main causes for the creation of a Zionist
state in Palestine. The Zionist movement when reading it felt a great
commitment.
Chaim Weizmann lobbied on behalf of the Zionist movement with the British
government. He influenced Balfour and helped the betterment of the British
equipment by introducing acetone which accelerated the explosion of TNT,
leading to more powerful explosions.
A second cause was the Sykes-Picot agreement. They drew a straight line from
Mosul Iraq to Haifa in Palestine, where everything north was under French rule,
and the south was under Britain. That line was later changed after the San Remo
agreement initiated the mandate process.
Russian involvement before they were out that they gained the Caucasus region
and control of the straights of turkey.
Greece was also a major contributor to the agreement.
the third cause was the McMahon-Hussein agreement about the Arabs. This was
a set of promises to create a united Arab kingdom with sheriff Hussein as ruler.
After the war, there was a rush to take over the lands in the middle east, where
king Faysal with the British was racing against the French. King Faysal declared his
kingdom in Syria, then came to Lebanon but was kicked out by the French after
they landed.
, when Russia was put out of the war by Lenin in 1917, he revealed the Sykes-picot
agreement, but the Arabs did not believe it.
In 1920, the San Remo treaty in Italy designated Lebanon and Syria under French
mandate, and Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq under British mandate.
With all that was happening, the Jews were working under the radar to infiltrate
the land. They exploited everything by sending massive amounts of immigrants
into Palestine.
The king-Crane commission. An American commission visited the region. It was
never considered.
The Churchill memorandum: a policy put into action in 1922, affirming the
Balfour declaration. In addition to that, it acknowledged that Palestine was a
historical place for the Jews, a homeland.
To ensure they are growing in Palestine, the Jewish Agency started promoting
even more immigration from Europe to Palestine. They then bought the lands
owned by Palestinians and weakened them economically by not buying products
from them and not employing them, just selling.
Haj Amin al Husseini was appointed by the British in 1921 as the mufti of
Jerusalem.
He created 1922 the supreme Muslim council.
The British continued to use the millet system of the ottomans, where each
community dealt with its matters by itself.
Jabotinsky came up with an idea that to live peacefully in Palestine, we need to
physically build a wall to separate the two communities. He also wanted to expel
all Arab populations from regions that stated to belong to Israel in the Old
Testament.
Ashkenazi was at the top of the racial pyramid by the Jews. Then the safari came
from Spain after being expelled after the Reconquista. Mizrahi Jews were next;
they are the native Jews of the middle east and Africa. At the bottom are the four
Arab communities: the Sunni, Druzes, Christians, orthodoxes, and Bedouins.
Al burqa rebellion of 1929: the Arabs were dissatisfied with the British mandate
that provided a haven for Jewish immigrants, and the continually increasing
number of immigrants over the years. It lasted for around 2 weeks with 133 Jews
killed and 339 injured, while 116 Arabs were killed and 232 injured. The British
police were more lenient on Jewish protestors and more severe on the Arab
ones.
The green palm gang founded by Ahmed Tafish was the main militia for the Arabs
in Palestine.
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